Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 08 Ноября 2011 в 21:43, доклад
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by land area (after Alaska and Texas). The capital city is Sacramento.
First European settlements in California were Spanish, and in 1821, when Mexico became independent, it became its part. In 1848 the United States took control over this state. And on September 9, 1850, it became the 31 state of the USA.
General information
State symbols
State Flag
Physical geography
Human geography and demographics
6. Government, Politics, and Higher Education
7. Famous places
7. Famous people
ODESSA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER I.I. MECHNIKOV
ROMANCE-GERMANIC FACULTY
CHAIR OF LEXICOLOGY
AND STYLISTICS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Written project
CALIFORNIA
By Alexandra Suprun
Group 32 a
ODESSA 2011
PLAN
7. Famous
people
1. General information
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by land area (after Alaska and Texas). The capital city is Sacramento.
First
European settlements in California were Spanish, and in 1821, when Mexico
became independent, it became its part. In 1848 the United States took
control over this state. And on September 9, 1850, it became the 31
state of the USA.
2. State Symbols
| State Flag The bear flag was adopted as the State Flag by the State Legislature in 1911. | |
| State Steal The Constitutional Convention of 1849 adopted the Great Seal of the State of California | |
| Sate Nickname The Golden State" has long been a popular designation for California and was made the official State Nickname in 1968 | |
| State Animal The California grizzly bear (Ursus californicus) was designated official State Animal in 1953. | |
| State Bird The California quail (Lophortyx californica), also known as the valley quail, became the official state bird in 1931. | |
| State Color The combination of blue and gold as official colors in California were first used as school colors by the University of California, Berkeley in 1875. Blue represented the sky and gold the color of the precious metal found by forty-niners in the state's hills. | |
| State Fish The golden trout (Salmo agua-bonita) is native only to California and was named the official state fish by act of the State Legislature in 1947. | |
| State Inscent The California dogface butterfly or dog head (Zerene eurydice) was designated the official State Insect in 1972 | |
| State Mineral Gold is the official state mineral and was so designated in 1965 | |
| State tree The California redwood was designated the official State Tree of California by the State Legislature in 1937. | |
| State Song The song "I Love You, California", written by F.B. Silverwood, became the official state song in 1988 |
3. State Flag
The Bear Flag is the official flag of the state of California. The first official version of the it was adopted by the California State Legislature and signed into law by Governor Hiram Johnson in 1911 as the official state flag.
The modern state flag is white with a wide red strip along the bottom. There is a red star in the upper left corner and a grizzly bear facing left (toward the hoist) in the center, walking on a patch of green grass.
The bear on the current flag of California was modeled on the last wild Californian grizzly bear in captivity. The bear, named "Monarch", was captured in 1889 by newspaper reporter Allen Kelley, at the behest of William Randolph Hearst. The bear was subsequently moved to Woodwards Gardens in San Francisco, and then to the zoo at Golden Gate Park. After the bear's death in 1911, it was mounted and preserved at the Academy of Sciences at Golden Gate Park.
The 1953 legislation defined the exact shades of the Californian flag with a total of five colors (including the white field).
4. Physical geography
California adjoins the Pacific Ocean to the west, Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizonato the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With an area of 160,000 square miles (414,000 km2), it is the third-largest state in the United States in size, after Alaska and Texas. If it were a country, California would be the 59th-largest in the world in area.
In the middle of the state lies the California Central Valley, bounded by the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Cascade Range in the north and the Tehachapi Mountains in the south. The Central Valley is California's agricultural heartland and grows approximately one-third of the nation's food.
Divided in two by the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, the northern portion, the Sacramento Valley serves as the watershed of the Sacramento River, while the southern portion, the San Joaquin Valley is the watershed for the San Joaquin River; both areas derive their names from the rivers that transit them.
|
The Sierra Nevada (Spanish for "snowy range") includes
the highest peak in the contiguous
forty-eight states, Mount Whitney,
at 4,421 m. The range embraces Yosemite
Valley, famous for
its glacially carved domes, and Sequoia
National Park, home
to the giant
sequoia trees, the largest
living organisms on Earth, and the deep freshwater lake, Lake Tahoe,
the largest lake in the state by volume.
To the east of the Sierra Nevada are Owens Valley and Mono Lake, an essential migratory birdhabitat. In the western part of the state is Clear Lake, the largest freshwater lake by area entirely in California. Though Lake Tahoe is larger, it is divided by the. |
California/ Nevada border. The Sierra Nevada falls to Arctic temperatures in winter and has several dozen small glaciers, including Palisade Glacier, the southernmost glacier in the United States.
California contains more forestland than any other state except Alaska. Many of the trees in the California White Mountains are the oldest in the world; one Bristlecone pine has an age of 4,700 years.
In the south is a large inland salt lake, the Salton Sea. The south-central desert is called the Mojave; to the northeast of the Mojave lies Death Valley, which contains the lowest, hottest point in North America, Badwater Basin. The horizontal distance from the lowest point of Death Valley to the peak of Mount Whitney is less than 90 miles (140 km). Indeed, almost all of southeastern California is arid, hot desert, with routine extreme high temperatures during the summer. The southeastern border of California with Arizona is entirely formed by the Colorado River, from which the southern part of the state gets about half of its water.
Along the California coast are several major metropolitan areas, including Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the San Diego metropolitan area.
As
part of the Ring
of Fire, California
is subject to tsunamis, floods, droughts,
5. Human geography and demographics
California's population was counted by the US Census Bureau at 37,253,956 for the 2010 census, making it the most populous state. Between 2000 and 2009, there was a natural increase of 3,090,016 (5,058,440 births minus 2,179,958 deaths).During this time period, international migration produced a net increase of 1,816,633 people while domestic migration produced a net decrease of 1,509,708, resulting in a net in-migration of 306,925 people. The State of California's own statistics show a population of 38,292,687 for January 1, 2009.
California's population is greater than that of all but 34 countries of the world. Also, Los Angeles County has held the title of most populous U.S. county for decades, and it alone is more populous than 42 U.S. states. In addition, California is home to eight of the 50 most populous cities in the United States: Los Angeles (2nd), San Diego (8th), San Jose (10th), San Francisco (13th), Fresno (34th), Sacramento (35th), Long Beach(36th), and Oakland (47th). The center of population of California is located in the town of Buttonwillow, Kern County.
Among the state's more prominent institutions of higher learning are the Univ. of California, with nine campuses; the California State University System, with 23 campuses; Occidental College and the University of Southern California, at Los Angeles; Stanford University, at Stanford; the California Institute of Technology, at Pasadena; Mills College, at Oakland; and the Claremont Colleges, at Claremont.
7. Famous places
California is one of the most famous states of the USA. It is the most popular place to spend vacations - hiking in National parks, swimming in the Pacific Ocean and sightseeing in the cities, which are famous all around the world. Such as Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Sacramento etc.
Such well-known places as Hollywood, Disneyland, Death Valley, Redwood National and State Parks, the San Diego Zoo are located in California.
8. Famous people
Ben Nighthorse Campbell (1933 - ) First Native American to serve in the U.S. Senate (1993- 2005). Born in Auburn, CA
Jack London (1876 – 1916) – author of many novels about the vast Western frontiers. Born in San Francisco, CA
Marilyn Monroe (1926 – 1962) – famous 1950's actress and considered one of the most famous woman of the 20th Century. Born in Los Angeles, CA
Sally K. Ride (1951 - ) Astronaut and first American woman in space. Born in Los Angeles, CA
Eldrick "Tiger" Woods (1975 - ) Famous golfer who has revolutionized the sport since becoming a pro in 1996. Born in Cypress, CA
George Lucas (1944 - ) Filmmaker and the mastermind behind the Star Wars features. Born in Modesto, CA