Finances of enterprises

   The main sources of information to identify and assess the turnover of circulating  funds used data in the form № 1, № 2 forms. Market conditions require management company at any time be able to quickly repay the external liabilities (such as a solvent) or short-term liabilities (such as a liquid).

   The company is considered insolvent if its total assets of more than long-term and short-term obligations. Company liquidity if its current assets than current liabilities. It is important to bear in mind that for successful financial management of the company cash is more important than profit. Their absence from the bank accounts due to objective characteristics of the circuit can lead to a crisis the financial condition of the company.

   To assess changes in the degree of solvency and liquidity of the company to compare the performance of the balance sheet for the various groups of assets and liabilities. On the basis of this comparison determine the analytical absolute and relative indicators.

   In international practice, to determine the solvency of the enterprise uses such an absolute figure, as the excess of assets over all external obligations. It represents the difference between all enterprise assets and long-term and short term debt. If the company is unable to meet its external obligations due to all of its assets, it may be deemed insolvent. To better assess the company's solvency in foreign and domestic practice is calculated net asset value and analyze their dynamics. Net assets represent the excess of assets over liabilities the company taken into account.

   In the assets involved in the calculation includes cash and non-cash assets of the company except for the debt participants for their contributions to share capital, value-added tax on purchased goods, for damages. Liabilities involved in the calculation include liabilities of their own enterprises, foreign liabilities to banks and other corporations and individuals, accounts payable, accrued expenses and payments and other liabilities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

CONCLUSION

   Finances of enterprises of different ownership forms, as a basis for a unified financial system, maintain the process of creating and distributing the social product and national income.

   The state of the finances of enterprises depends on the provision of funds centralized financial resources. In this case the active use of finance companies in the process of production and sales does not preclude participation in this process, budget, banking, and credit, insurance.

   In a market economy based on economic and financial independence of the enterprises operate on the principles of commercial accounting, the purpose of which is compulsory for profit. They distribute their own revenues from product sales, form and use the funds industrial and social, are seeking the tools they need to expand production of products using credit resources and capabilities of the financial market. Business development enhances the independence of enterprises, freeing them from micromanagement by the state and at the same time improving accountability for actual results. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

REFERENCES

1. Bakanov M.I., Sheremet, A.D.  “Теория анализа хозяйственной деятельности. Финансы и статистика,” 1998, Moscow.
2. Balabanov I. T  “Основы финансового менеджмента” tutorial“Финансы и статистика,” 1998, Moscow.
3. “Финансовый менеджмент” textbook/edited by N.F. Samsonova,
4. Khorn J.V. “Основы управления финансами. Финансы и статистика,” 1999, Moskov
5. MolyakovD.S., Shokhin E.I. “Теория финансов предприятий. Финансы и статистика,” 2000, Moscow.
6. Trenev N.N. “Управление финансами. Финансы и статистика,” 1999
7. “Управление организацией” Учебник. – 2^nd edition./ edited by A.G. Porshneva, V.L. Rumyanceva, Инфра-М, 1997.

          Appendix  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Balance sheet of corporation “Kazakhmys”