International terrorism

International terrorism - terrorism led by the foreign parties, organizations or states. 
This particular form of terrorism, which originated in the late 1960s and elaborated by the end XX - early XXI century. The main goals of international terrorism is the disruption of public administration, application of economic and political damage, destabilization, which should encourage the government to change policies. One of the greatest contemporary scholars of terrorism, Brian Jenkins (Eng.) considers international terrorism a new kind of conflict . 
By the early 1990s in the world there were 500 terrorist organizations. Within a decade they have committed 6500 acts of international terrorism, of which killed 5000 people and affected more than 11 thousand people. 
 
Characteristics 
 
The main features of international terrorism is globalization, professionalization, and support for extremist ideologies. Also notes the use of suicide bombings, the threat of the use of non-conventional (nuclear, chemical or biological) weapons and a rational approach. 
Resolution 1373 of UN Security Council on September 28, 2001 notes "the close connection between international terrorism and transnational organized crime, illicit drugs, money laundering, arms trafficking and illegal movement of nuclear, chemical, biological and other potentially deadly materials". Experts say the growth of technical equipment of the terrorists and their tacit support from some states. 
To achieve its aims terrorist organizations make extensive use of the Internet , radio and television. 
International terrorism poses a special danger in connection with the fact that a threat to international order and interstate relations.Any action of international terrorism affects the interests of several (at least two) of the states and to suppress or prevent such acts should be wide inter-state cooperation. 

History 
For the first time at international level the issue of terrorism was discussed in 1934 at the League of Nations. This was connected with the murder of October 9, 1934 in Marseille, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and French Prime Minister Louis Barthou. 
Adopted by the League of Nations in 1937 "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism for him" and "Convention on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court" has never entered into force. However, they served as a prototype for the modern international agreements in this field. 
 
According to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, international terrorism was originally a tool of struggle between different states, at least one of which uses terrorism against other states as an alternative to conventional war. He writes that the modern international terrorism has become a product of the union between the countries of Eastern Europe and some Arab countries.These two groups of states sponsoring terrorist activities since the late 1960s to the mid-1980s. In the 1940s-1950s, guerrillas, terrorists and insurgents from a number of countries were in the Soviet Union and satellite countries commando training. Netanyahu believes that after the establishment of nuclear parity with the West, the USSR decided to use the international terror as a weapon in the struggle for their interests. These activities also joined Libya, Syria and Iraq and some other Arab countries. 
The main attacks of this period was the taking of hostages, hijacking of civilian aircraft, and political assassinations. The most powerful international terrorist organization has become The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which in 1969 was headed by Yasser Arafat. In the late 1960s the Soviet Union recruiting of terrorists around the world, then they were trained in special camps that are located in Odessa, Baku, Simferopol, and Tashkent. 
PLO, in fact created a "state within a state" in Lebanon in 1970, became a base and safe haven for terrorists, and the Soviet Union formally stayed away. Nevertheless, January 29, 1981 U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig publicly accused of involvement in the Soviet Union international terrorism. 
Former KGB General Philipp Bobkov writes that between 1976 and 1996 was recorded from 320 to 660 attacks per year, which can be attributed to international terrorism, and then a wave of terror began to decline, although the scale and brutality of the attacks have increased. 
A new upsurge of international terrorism has been celebrated since September 11, 2001, when al Qaeda terrorists attacked several sites in the United States. Some experts believe that this wave is due to fundamental restructuring of international relations associated with the collapse of the so-called "bipolar world". 

Organizations 
 
The most famous of modern international terrorist organization is al-Qaeda. 
The largest camp of the organization operated terrorist training in Sudan, Syria, and some other countries. After extensive U.S. actions against these countries, the camps moved to other countries, particularly in Chechnya and Afghanistan. 
Terrorist organization also recognized the Taliban. At a time when the movement controlled Afghanistan, they were placed on the terrorist training camps. 
The oldest of the international terrorist organization is the movement of "Muslim Brotherhood". It was established in 1928 in Egypt . 

The fight against international terrorism 
 
The international community is aware of the danger posed by this phenomenon. In this regard, the international and regional level, a number of conventions on the illegality of the various manifestations of international terrorism. Examples of such instruments are as follows: 
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (The Hague, 1970); 
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (Montreal, 1971); 
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents (United Nations Convention of 1973); 
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against Civil Aviation (1977) 
Convention against the Taking of Hostages (New York, 1979); 
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (1980); 
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (1988); 
Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (1997); 
Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999). 
In 1994 the UN General Assembly adopted the "Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism". Several measures are also on a bilateral, multilateral and inter-state basis at the national level. 
After the events of September 11, 2001 the UN Security Council established the Counter-Terrorism Committee - based on the UN Security Council Resolution 1371 (2001). In the following credentials committee were confirmed by resolution 1624 (2005). The Committee shall perform inter-state coordination and technical assistance to member countries in creating the most efficient in the fight against terrorism. 
The report of UN Secretary-General of 1 December 2004, "High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change," demanded that the perpetrators of terrorist acts significant scale were equal to those who have committed war crimes or crimes against humanity.Also, the group demanded that all States to ratify international conventions on combating terrorism. The group also said it is necessary to develop a global strategy to combat terrorism, the general convention against terrorism to include a definition of terrorism. However, these proposals were not reflected in Resolution 1642 of UN Security Council adopted on September 14, 2005. 
Results from 1963 through the United Nations has been developed 16 international agreements (13 counterterrorism conventions and three protocols) that are open to all Member States. In 2005, three of these documents was amended to reflect directly on the terrorist threat.  
September 8, 2006 The UN General Assembly adopted a "global counter-terrorism strategy" in the form of a resolution and the annexed Action Plan. 
According to many experts, some measures against the terrorists, this problem can not be solved because it is generated by factors such as global inequality and mass poverty in third world countries, as well as a protest against globalization. Others believe that the elimination of support from state sponsors of terrorism may significantly undermine the capacity of terrorist organizations.