Контрольная работа по "Английскому языку"

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. 1. Supply the correct tense-forms.

1. Richard is a househusband, which means that every day his wife (go)_goes_______ off to work and (leave) __leaves_____ him at home to look after their two young children.

Richard is a househusband, which means that every day his wife goes off to work and leaves him at home to look after their two young children.

2. Although the family (live) __live_____ in Oxford his wife (work) ___work_____ in London so she (not usually get back)__is getting back______ home before 8 p.m.

Although the family live in Oxford his wife works in London so she is not usually get back home before 8 p.m.

3. Richard (think) _________ the apartment is a good idea.

Richard thinks the apartment is a good idea.

4. “For the moment I  (still enjoy) _am still enjoying_______ the change in my lifestyle and I (not need) ___don’t need_____ to get the train to work every day, which is great!

“For the moment I  am still enjoying the change in my lifestyle and don’t need to get the train to work every day, which is great!

5. I(also learn) _also learn_______ lots of new things.

I also learn lots of new things.

6. For example, I now (understand) _________ how difficult it is to do the housework as well as look after two children.

For example, now I understand how difficult it is to do the housework as well as look after two children.

7. This afternoon Richard (want) ___wants______ to do some work on the     book he (write) _is writing_______, but he (not think) _Doesn’t  think__that____he can do this.

This afternoon Richard wants to do some work on the  book he is writing, but he doesn’t  think that he can do this.

8. “I (find) find________ it difficult to concentrate.

“I find it difficult to concentrate.

9. Even when the baby is asleep I often (feel) ___feel______ too tired to  write anything.

 Even when the baby is asleep I often feel too tired to  write anything.

1.2. Write the verbs in brackets in the Passive Voice.

1. Millions of cars __are exported______ (to export) from Japan every year.

Millions of cars are exported from Japan every year.

2. The new strategic plan _was developed_______(to develop) a year ago.

The new strategic plan was developed a year ago.

3. The details _will be discussed_______ (to discuss) at the meeting that will take place at he end of the month.

The details will be discussed at the meeting that will take place at he end of the month.

4. Lots of goods _are imported_______ (to import) to our country every year.

Lots of goods are imported to our country every year.

5. The matter _was discussed________ (to discuss) at the conference last week.

The matter was discussed at the conference last week.

6. The production of oil _will be increased___ (to increase) by 10% next year.

The production of oil will be increased by 10% next year.

7. The production management _will be reorganized________ (to reorganize) when all the problems are solved.

The production management will be reorganized when all the problems are solved.

1.3.Translate the following sentences paying attention to the    Complex Object

1. He wanted us to visit the art exhibition.

Он хотел, чтобы мы посетили выставку искусств.

2. I expect you to tell me everything.

Я ожидаю, что ты будешь рассказывать мне все

3. I suppose her to be about 50.

 Я предполагал, что ей около 50.

4. The teacher does not consider him to be a good student.

Учитель не считает его хорошим  студентом.

5. The engineer expected the work to be done in time.

Инженер ожидал, что работа будет  сделана вовремя

6.We expect you to show good results.

Я жду от тебя хороших  результатов.

7.Many people like to watch the sun rise.

Многие люди любят смотреть на восход солнца

8.She saw her son fall.

Она видела, как ее сын упал

9. He likes to watch his son play in the garden.

Он любит смотреть, как его сын играет в саду

10. The students heard the bell ring.

Студенты слышали, как звонок звенел

11. You can’t make me believe that all these stories are true.

Ты не заставишь меня поверить, что  все эти истории правдивые

12. In spite of bad weather the instructor made the sportsmen continue their training.

Несмотря на плохую погоду, инструктор заставлял спортсмена продолжать их тренировку.

1. 4. Open the brackets using the Complex Object.

1. Once in the plane he saw (как его жена и дети махали ему на прощание).

Once in the plane he saw his wife and children wave goodbye.

2. Those who stayed outside watched (как самолет набирал скорость для взлета).

Those who stayed outside watched a plain speed up for start.

3. It is very pleasant to find (что эти проблемы обсуждаются в вашем журнале).

It is very pleasant to find the problems discuss in your magazine.

4. Her parents wanted (чтобы она вышла замуж за этого человека).

Her parents wanted her to marry on this man.

5. They observed (как он осторожно входил в комнату).

They observed him cautiously enter the room.

6. Our manager heard (как мистер Браун обещал поставить оборудование во время) Mr. Brow promise to provide equipment by the time.

Our manager heard Mr. Brow promise to provide equipment by the time.

7. We saw (как машина Президента подъехала к зданию) the president’s car drive up to the building.

We saw the president’s car drive up to the building.

1.5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Complex Subject

1. They are said to know Chinese very well.

Говорят, что они знают  китайский очень хорошо.

2. He is reported to arrive tomorrow.

 Как сообщили, он должен приехать завтра.

3. The boat was seen to disappear in the waves.

 Видели, что лодка исчезла в волнах.

4. The English delegation is believed to come at the end of the month. Английская делегация, как полагают, приедет в конце месяца.
5. He was known to be a capable student.

 Он был известен как способный студент.

6. They appeared to be satisfied with the results of the experiment.

Они оказались удовлетворены  результатами эксперимента.

7. He proved to be an excellent musician.

Он оказался отличным музыкантом.

8. The water seems to be boiling.

 Вода, кажется, кипит.

9. I happened to be there at that time.

Мне случалось быть там  в те времена

10. She is said to write a new novel.

Ей сказали написать новый роман.

11. They are likely to come soon.

Они вероятно скоро придут.

12. She seems to be waiting for you.

Она, кажется, ждёт тебя.

1.6. Change the following sentences using the Complex Subject.

1. It is known that he is a good worker.

He is known to be a good worker.

2. It was expected that the members of the committee would come to an agreement.

The members of the committee were expected to come to an agreement.

3. It was reported that our delegation has left London.

 Our delegation was reported to leave London.

4. It seems that he knows French perfectly well.

He seems to know French perfectly well.

5. It was expected that the delegates would not participate in today’s talks.

    The delegates were expected not to participate in today’s talks.

6. It is very likely that the prices for these goods will go up again in England.

 The prices for these goods are likely to go up again in England.

7. It is unlikely that the meeting will be postponed.

The meeting is unlikely to be postponed.

READING

1.7. Translate the following text into Russian.

1. As global trade has grown, so has the need for international institutions to maintain stable, or at least predictable, exchange rates. But the nature of that challenge and the strategies required meeting it evolved considerably since the end of the World War II- and they were continuing to change even as the 20th century drew to a close.

2. Before World War I, the world economy operated on a gold standard, meaning that each nation's currency was convertible into gold at a specified rate. This system resulted in fixed exchange rates - that is, each nations currency could be exchanged for each other nation's currency at specified, unchanging rates.

Fixed exchange rates encouraged world trade by eliminating uncertainties associated with fluctuating rates, but the system had at least two disadvantages. First, under the gold standard, countries could not control their own money supplies; rather, each country's money supply was determined by the flow of gold used to settle its accounts with other countries. Second, monetary policy in all countries was strongly influenced by the pace of gold production. In the 1870s and 1880s, when the gold production was low, the money supply throughout the world expanded too slowly to keep pace with the economic growth, the result was deflation, or falling prices. Later, gold discoveries in Alaska and South Africa in 1890s caused money supplies to increase rapidly, this set off inflation, or raising prices.

3. Nations attempted to revive the gold standard following World War I, but it collapsed entirely during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Some economists said adherence to the gold standard had prevented monetary authorities from expanding the money supply rapidly enough to revive economic activity. In any event, representatives of most of the world's leading nations met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944 to create a new international monetary system. Because the United States at the time accounted for over half of the world's manufacturing capacity, and held most of the world's gold, the leaders decided to tie the world's currencies to the dollar, which, in turn, they agreed should be convertible into gold at $35 per ounce.    

Under the Bretton Woods system, central banks of countries other than the United States were given the task of maintaining fixed exchange rates between their currencies and the dollar. They did this by intervening in foreign exchange markets. If the countries currency was too high relative to the dollar, its central bank would sell its currency in exchange for dollars, driving down the value of its currency. Conversely, if the value of a country's money was too low, the country would buy its own currency, thereby driving up the price.

4. The Bretton Woods System lasted until 1971. By 1973, the United States and other nations agreed to allow exchange rates to float. Economists call the resulting system a "managed float regime", meaning that even though exchange rates for most currencies float, central banks still intervene to prevent sharp changes. As in 1971, countries with large trade surpluses often sell their own currencies in an effort to prevent them from appreciating (and thereby hurting exports). By the same token, countries with large deficits often buy their own currencies in order to prevent depreciation, which raises domestic prices.      

1.7

1. По мере роста мировой торговли, становятся необходимыми международные институты, для поддержания стабильности или для прогнозирования курса валют. Но характер этой проблемы и стратегии ее решения существенно изменились начиная со Второй Мировой Войны и они продолжают меняться и к концу двадцатого века.

2. До Первой мировой войны мировая экономика работает на золотом стандарте, это означает, что валюта каждой страны могла конвертироваться в золото. Эта система привела к фиксированию валютных курсов, то есть валюта каждой страны могла быть обменена на валюту другой страны по неизменной ставке.

Фиксирование валютного  курса привело к устранению неопределенности связанной с колебанием курса валют в мировой торговле, но система имела, по крайней мере, два недостатка. Во-первых, при золотом стандарте, страны не могут контролировать свои собственные запасы денег, а, скорее, денежная масса в каждой стране определяется по потоку золота использованного для погашения своих счетов в других странах. Во-вторых, денежно-кредитная политика во всех странах сильно зависела от темпов добычи золота. В 1870-х и 1880-х годах, когда добыча золота была невелика, денежная масса во всем мире расширялась слишком медленно, для того чтобы идти в ногу с экономическим ростом, в результате была дефляция, или падения цен. Позже после открытия золотых запасов на Аляске в Южной Африке в 1890х годах, денежная масса быстро выросла, что привело к инфляции, то есть к повышению цен.

3. Государства пытались  возродить «золотой стандарт»  во время Первой Мировой Войны,  но система окончательно рухнула во время Великой Депрессии 1930х годов. Некоторые экономисты говорят, что присоединение к золотому стандарту не позволило бы денежной массе расширяться достаточно быстро, чтобы оживить экономическую активность. В любом случае, представители большинства ведущих стран мира встретились в Бреттон-Вудсе, Нью-Гэмпшир, в 1944 году для создания новой международной валютной системы. Поскольку Соединенные Штаты в то время имели более половины производственных мощностей в мире, и обладали большой частью золота в мире, лидеры решили привязать мировые валюты к доллару, который, в свою очередь, должен быть конвертируем в золото $ 35 за унцию. В соответствии с Бреттон - Вудской системы, центральным банкам других стран, кроме Соединенных Штатов была поставлена ​​задача поддержания фиксированного обменного курса между валютами и долларом. Они сделали это путем вмешательства в валютные рынки. Если валюта страны была слишком высока по отношению к доллару, центральный банк этой страны будет продавать свою валюту в обмен на доллары, снижая стоимость собственной валюты. И наоборот, если стоимость денег в стране была слишком низка, страна будет покупать свою собственную валюту, тем самым поднимая цены.

4. Бреттон - Вудская система существовала до 1971 года. К 1973 году, Соединенные Штаты и другие страны согласились на плавающие валютные курсы. Бреттон - Вудская система продолжалась до 1971 года. К 1973 году, Соединенные Штаты и другие страны согласились на плавающие валютные курсы. Экономисты называют полученную систему "управляемый поплавок", что означает, что даже если обменные курсы большинства валют плавают, центральные банки по-прежнему вмешаться, чтобы предотвратить резкие изменения. Как и в 1971 году, страны с большими излишками собственной валюты  часто продают ее в попытке предотвратить ее обесценивание (и тем самым вредят экспорту). К тому же, страны с большим дефицитом часто покупают свои собственные валюты, чтобы предотвратить износ, который поднимает внутренние цены.

1.8. Choose the answer which you think fits best according to the text.

1.8.1. Выберите наиболее подходящий заголовок.

A. The Global Economy

B. American Trade Principles and Practice.

C. The American Dollar and the World Economy

1.8.2. В каком абзаце приводится  описание монетарной системы  - Золотой Стандарт.

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

  D. 4

1.8.3. Выберите 2 недостатка монетарной  системы - Золотой Стандарт.

A. Uncertainties associated with fluctuating rates