Контрольная работа по Английскому языку

 

Вариант№3 2 семестр

 

Переведите  письменно текст на русский язык.

 

WHAT COUNTS IS THE GENUINE

Today when we consider design we no longer think just about attractive things but about their attractive use, their meaning. And meaning is alive: it moves and changes with the times.

In the eighties design developed into the mere aesthetics of appearance. Objects were like computer graphics. They consisted solely of infinitesimally thin surfaces. These objects boasted with their owners.

Now a new quality of substance has come on the scene: virtuality. Things used to be simpler. Substance was material. To take an example, a brief history of the modern era can be gleaned from looking at the design of knobs on equipment. In the sixties pressing a knob on a radio set meant exerting physical force against mechanical resistance. For the first time something like a feeling of tenderness for machines appeared in the form of smooth, scalable knobs. In the eighties control knobs became sentimental replicas of real knobs. They were flat, tiny and soft. Now, in the nineties, we mainly operate virtual knobs, like the buttons beneath the glass skin of computer screens.

We are closer to things, especially machines, than ever before and at the same time more distant than ever. Remoteness is the sentiment of the times. We experience nearness as reality, of course; but it is cast in a peculiar paleness. It is not the senses that liberate us but dreams. We have a new aesthetics of appearance (virtuality). This new aesthetics transforms the worthlessness of superficiality into a central value. On the computer screen superficiality is all there is. It is the essence.

Today status is no longer conferred by the mere possession of things but by the way things are used. In an information society status and self-assurance are not derived from clothing or the power of computers but from the efficiency with

                                                                                                         

which one can navigate and make oneself be understood in a sea of information: communication, in a nutshell. In the nineties work as such has also become a status symbol.

Aesthetics now follows the development of shapes that allow people to live leisurely in a fast-moving world.

Our Western culture suffers from a lack of mystery. The creation of virtual reality has brought some of that mystery back. The unknown has returned. And it is not imaginary. This unknown consists of the absolute opposite of mystery, namely information.

 

 

Упражнение 1.

Поставьте глагол в правильную форму в страдательном залоге.

 

1. When / television / invent? When will the invent be television?

2. Many different languages / speak / in India.

3. I / introduce / to the new director yesterday.

4. The theory / receive / in the past.

5. Hundreds of new houses / build / by the end of this year.

6. My car has disappeared (it / steal!). ответ: It has been stolen.

7. Tom gets a higher salary now. He / promote/.

8. The police have found the people they were looking for. Two people / arrest / last night. Ответ: Two people were arrested last night.

9. Originally the book/write/in Spanish and a few years ago it / translate / into English.

 

 

Упражнение 2.

 

Выберите сказуемое в  предложении, определите его время  и залог.

 

1. Two ventilators were purifying the air in the laboratory when we entered there.

2. The air in the laboratory was being purified by two ventilators when we entered there.

3. The researchers will be conducting the tests of new devices in the laboratory at 12 on Monday.

4. We expect that the rate of inflation will rise.

5. The rate of inflation is expected to rise.

 

 

Упражнение 3.

Найдите и назовите в  первом ряду глаголы, относящиеся к  группе Continuous, во втором - к группе Perfect, в третьем - к группе Perfect Continuous и четвертом ряду - к группе Simple.

                                                                                                                               

 

 

 I.

1. was planned

2. will plan

3. are being planned

4. has been planned

5. planned

6. am planning

7. had planned

8. were planning

 

II.

1. shall improve

2. had improved

3. shall have improved

4. was being improved

5. will have improved

6. improve

7. has been improving

8. is improving

 

 

 

 

III.

1. have been sent

2. are sending

3. sends

4. will have sent

5. has sent

6. will have been sending

7. were sending

8. had been sending

IV.

 

1. was consuming

2. have consumed

3. consumes

4. was being consumed

5. is consumed

6. had been consumed

7. has been consuming

8. shall be consumed

 

 

Упражнение 4.

Подобрать предложения  из раздела A, коррсспондируемые с предложениями из раздела B.

В пояснениях по каждой паре указать использованное время и  залог.

А.

1. These programmes have been broadcast since 1980.

2. New substances are being created now which never existed before.

3. A new type of computing equipment had been produced at our plant by the end of the year.

4. The new model of the device will be worked at in the plant laboratory.

5. Our institute trains specialists for the most important branches of modern engineering.

6. Lasers are now used for many scientific, medical and industrial purposes.

7. Lights and signals on the control panel show the electrical state of the computer.

8. These terms were agreed upon.

9. Due to the Sun people have immense supplies of energy.

10. There is a tube somewhere on the shelf.                                                                                                                           

B.

a. This material is unaffected by solar radiation.

b. The international space programmes will be developed further in future.

c. Heating makes the molecules move faster.

d. Special attention has been paid to the problem of direct conversation of energy into electricity.

e. This road was built last year.

f. Japan holds the first place in computer-operated production technology.

g. A solid, or body, has three dimensions: length, breadth and thickness.

h. As there any water in the tube?

i. The automatic equipment is being installed in our shop.

j. Theoretical researches had been done before we began the experiments.

 

Упражнение 5.

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемое с  модальным глаголом или с эквивалентом модального глагола.

 

1. These phenomena must be distinguished carefully.

2. You needn't take all these measurements. We already know the volume of gas in this tube.

3. Every technical student is to study mathematics for some years.

4. The engineers will have to improve the accuracy of this machine-tool.

5. These machine-tools can produce parts with very high accuracy.

 

Упражнение 6.

Выберите правильный вариант  и переведите предложения на русский  язык.

1. In case I ______ in time ask him to wait a little

A don’t come

B didn’t come

C  won’t come

Перевод: В  случае если я не приду вовремя  попросить его подождать немного.

2.  If I  lost his telephone I ______ how to get here.

                  A  didn’t  know

                  B  wouldn’t know

                  C  hadn’t

3.  Last year inflation was tremendous, and the price _____

                  A  raised

                  B  rise

                  C rose

4.  Would you let me have a copy of your report as soon as you _____ it, please?

                  A  finish

                  B  will finish

                  C  will have finished

5) Over a thousand working days were _____ last year because of the earthquake.                                                                                                                             

                  A  loose

                  B  lose

                  C  lost