Текст "Валюта"

     The currency system is a form of the organization of the currency relations, fixed by the national legislation (national system) or the interstate agreement (world and regional systems).

     Currency relations represent a version of the monetary relations arising at functioning of money in the international turn. The money serving the international relations, is called as currency.

     The international currency relations – a necessary element of world economy. These are relations by means of which all settlement, credit and monetary transactions between the various countries are carried out. As subjects of the international currency relations the governments of the states, the enterprises, the physical persons who are carrying out foreign trade activities act. Currency relations are developed by special interstate bodies, coordinated, properly made out and accept a binding character for all participants of the international economic transactions.

     Distinguish national, world and regional currency systems.

     Concept of currency system, its kinds and elements 

     Concept of currency system

     The currency system is a set of two concepts - the currency mechanism and currency relations. The currency mechanism is understood as rules of law and the institutes representing them at national and international levels.

     Currency relations are daily communications which private persons, firms, banks in the currency and monetary markets for the purpose of realization of international payments, credit and currency transactions enter.

     In the conditions of deepening of integration of economy of the industrially-developed countries the currency system plays more and more important and independent role in мирохозяйственных communications. Direct impact on the countries defining an economic situation factors Besides, makes: rates of increase of manufacture and the international exchange, for the prices, a salary, etc.

     Distinguish national, regional and world currency systems. Base of world and regional currency systems is the international division of labor, commodity manufacture and foreign trade. The world currency system includes the international credit and financial institutes and a complex international contractual and is state-rules of law, currency tools providing functioning. Elements of world currency system are the certain set of means of payment, rates of exchange and currency parities, conditions of convertibility, the form of international payments, a mode of the international currency markets and gold, the international and national banking establishments.

     The national currency system is a set of economic relations with which help the payment turn is carried out, the currency resources necessary for process of a social production are formed and used. Elements of national currency system is a national currency, volume and structure of currency reserves, currency parity and a rate of national currency, conditions of convertibility of currency, the status of national bodies and establishments, регулирующи