The Republic of Plato

Аccording to Plato (427-347 BC), the human soul consists of three parts: namely the appetitive (sensory) part of the affective (emotional) and rational (reasonable) portions. Virtue is important for the appetitive part of the soul, - temperance, virtue, which is important for the affective part of the soul, - courage, and, finally, the virtue which is important for the rational part of the soul - wisdom. Virtue which is manifested in the presence of mutual harmony of these three parts is justice. In accordance with these three parts of the soul consists of three people of social classes. The bulk of the citizens, including merchants, artisans and farmers, form the lower class, corresponding to the appetitive part of the soul. Public employees (guards) are middle class, in charge of the emotional soul.