Tourism and recreational opportunities of Latin america

Tourism and recreational opportunities of  Latin america

Content:

1.1. The General characteristic of natural features of Latin America for tourism....

1.1.1. Fiziko-geographical features of Brazil for tourism...

1.1.2. Fiziko-geographical features of Bolivia for tourism

1.1.3. Fiziko-geographical features of Paraguay for tourism.

1.1.4. Fiziko-geographical features of Uruguay for tourism

1.2. Especially protected natural территории

1.3. The Historical and cultural heritage of the countries of Latin America

For tourism...

1.3.1. The Historical and cultural heritage of Brazilii.

1.3.2. The Historical and cultural heritage of Bolivia.

1.3.3. The Historical and cultural heritage of Paragvaja.

1.3.4. The Historical and cultural heritage of Uruguay.

1.4. Use of kurortno-recreational complexes in the tourist purposes...

1.4.1. The countries of Latin America on world tourist рынке

1.4.2. The countries of Latin America in the Russian tourist market

1.4.3. Brazil - the largest center of tourism of Latin Amerik

1.4.4. Bolivia - the center cultural-informative туризма

1.4.5. Paraguay - the country with слаборазвитой an infrastructure

1.4.6. Uruguay - the modern center of the international tourism.

I Part:

The theoretical task: General characteristics of tourism in the countries of Latin America

On the territory of Latin America are 32 states: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Haiti, Guyana, Guatemala, Honduras, Grenada, Dominica, Dominican republic, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, Saint-Винссент and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador, Jamaica, as well as the colonial possessions of great Britain, France, the Netherlands and the USA

As many mysterious, picturesque, enchanting its primeval concluded in these two words. Interest to the countries of Latin America has always existed, but before Russian travelers were limited, as a rule, the beaches of Acapulco, or Канкуном, or sent to the brazilian carnival in Rio de Janeiro and to the argentine falls Iguazu. Some lovers of the exotic are not afraid to make a trip to the Amazon forest.

But, if you look at Latin America closer, you can open as many interesting historic, geographic and ethnic reservoirs, which may attract the attention of even an experienced traveler with the experience. It is enough to mention, that in this part of America preserved traditions of the indians, subsequently blended with different peoples and cultures. Here are the majestic pyramid of the aztecs, maya and mysterious construction of the incas. It is on this continent is far and inviting with its pristine jungles of the Amazon. Apparently, this diversity and attracts modern travelers. One wants to see shrouded by set of legends and myths, mysteries of history, the other - to test himself in the Amazon jungle, the third - feel the flavor of local traditions, to walk in the footsteps of the ancient aztecs, maya and inca, personally to see the landscapes of the books of Castaneda, listen to local music, and to take away home a new understanding of Latin America and the people living here.

In Mexico, a huge interest for lovers of impressions represent the country "of the andean group", which have common historical past, though now each of these countries is a separate country: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile. Each of them has its own peculiarities, which should always take into consideration when choosing the route to visit Latin America.

Peru is unique by its beautifully preserved monuments of architecture of the civilization of the incas, as well as a large number of unsolved mysteries and riddles. The majestic canyons here adjoin with high mountains and vast national parks, the Amazonian jungle not cease to surprise its primeval even seasoned travelers. But here it is impossible to combine excursions and recreation on the coast, because along the sea stretches of the Andes mountains, which has created a certain climatic and geographical features. But it is due to these factors Peru can be called a real paradise for the lovers of extreme and fans of surfing, windsurfing, white water rafting and mountain climbing.

Ecuador is in a unique location: this country on the whole width of the crosses the equator. Thus, one part of it is located in the northern hemisphere and the other in the south. Ecuador is famous for its volcanoes and a unique nature reserve in the Galapagos islands, where no birds, no animals are not afraid of people and look at us as a part of the surrounding landscape.

Bolivia shares with Peru glory of lake Titicaca, where according to legend, there were the founders of the inca empire. This country is also renowned for its scenery and panoramic views opening up from the high Andes to the Amazon jungle.

Chile, which is associated with a past, already for a long time develops according to a different scenario and can offer a truly unique journey: from the trip in the wilderness on horseback or сэндбординга (northern part of the country) to the ancient glaciers of Patagonia and Antarctica or mountaineering (the southern part of Chile). Chile is also known for its rivers, which provide huge opportunities for lovers of rafting. The territory of the country is long and narrow, but it and is unique. Crossing the variety of natural landscapes, Chile provides a rare opportunity to see in one country nature in all its variety. Local fjords on beauty do not concede, and in something even darken the Norwegian. It is to Chile is the famous Easter island, located in the Pacific ocean, with its mysterious stone giants, created майорийцами or representatives of other civilizations.

One more country, landscapes which are often reminiscent of the european, is Argentina (more precisely, its southern part). Not without a reason here after the second world war began to settle the germans and italians. The house and the hacienda are often reminiscent of the european estates the beginning of the last century. Argentina is known for its scenery and the famous Iguazu waterfall, which is located in the Amazon jungle not far from the border with Brazil.

Mexico has become famous not only for its beaches and modern resorts, but also the pyramids, the time of the aztecs and mayans. In its landscape has it all: from the prairie with cacti to the picturesque canyons and forests, rivers and waterfalls.

Brazil almost does not require advertising, thanks to the famous carnival in Rio-de-Janeiro. Annually in the beginning of February, the place attracts millions of tourists from all over the world, the city turns into a solid самбодром, but on the street it becomes dangerous to go in ornaments and with the values in handbags or pockets. In the rest of the year come here to visit the jungles of the Amazon and relax on one of the white brazilian beaches, take a stroll on the famous promenade Rio-de-Janeiro and climb to the top of the mountain with its huge sculpture of Christ, with breathtaking panoramic views of the city and its surroundings.

Bolivia.

This country is situated in the center of South America, therefore, on its territory there are high mountains of the Andes, and subtropical valley, and the most high-mountainous lake in the world Titicaca, the glory of which Bolivia shares with neighbouring Peru. It is the close proximity of these two countries makes it possible to visit in one program a few of the most ancient monuments of the state of the incas, as well as a full introduction to the sacred lake Titicaca, on one of the islands which according to legend, there were the originators of this civilization, which are considered children of the sun. As a rule, the program starts in Puno on the territory of Peru and ends a stop in La Paz, the capital of Bolivia.

La Paz is located in the andean canyon at an altitude of 3 636 m above sea level, so the capital of Bolivia is the most high-mountain in the world. The foundation of the city was dictated by the need to establish a permanent settlement on the half way between the silver mines of Potosi (Bolivia) and Cusco (Peru). In La Paz there are buildings of the colonial times, You will see the Murillo with its cathedral, government palace and the famous Lunar Valley, landscapes which fascinate every traveler.

In Bolivia, You can get a unique opportunity to see the famous Andes mountains in all their splendor. At a distance of 72 km from La Paz is a complex Tiwanaku, temples and constructions which are considered the largest in the world. Tiwanaku was the center of culture Aymara, which is one of the most ancient civilizations of America. The road to this place runs through the high mountain passes, canyons and valleys, which in itself leaves a lasting impression of the greatness of the andes mountains

Peru.

This country along with Mexico is the most interesting to visit, because it was here was born the ancient civilization of the incas, it is here that she developed and it is here mysteriously ceased to exist. Something similar happened in Mexico with the aztecs and mayans. Nevertheless, that Peru is considered as one well-kept secret. It is enough to mention the famous Nazca plateau, to understand, how many secrets stored around us. And the answer to them while beyond the modern science with its latest technologies and capabilities.

Peru is divided into three climatic zones: the pacific coast, the mountains of the Andes and the Amazon jungle. This is important to know, because the country does not have clearly defined seasons. Each of climatic zones has its own weather, different from the weather in the nearby area. So, for example, in the coastal part of the country, summer lasts from December to march, while in the mountains and in the jungle of these times is the rainy season. Winter on the coast lasts from June to October (the rains are rare), this time in the mountains begins in the full sense of the word the dry season, with cool nights and sunny days.

In general the climate in the coastal part of the country (here it's called "costa") cannot be called tropical because of the cold current Humboldt, which completely changes the local weather. Even in summer the temperature varies between +21S and +27C, and in the winter because of the constant humidity becomes chilly even at the temperature of +15 C. As a result of Peru, which is located on the same latitude as the countries of South-East Asia, does not have the seaside resorts.

Moreover, the coastal areas, representing a narrow strip of land, spanning up to Chile for a few thousand kilometers, not rich vegetation. Sometimes the land here seems lifeless and looks like a desert, while mountainous areas are covered with greens. As it may seem strange, but on the shore of the largest of the oceans do not have enough water, only in the valleys of the few and short rivers, flowing down from the Andes, vegetation little richer. Therefore, this country must always be seen only as the perfect place for an interesting excursion program, and for this seasonality of great value has no. It is important to note that in the mountains (this part of the country is called the "sierra"), where there are monuments of architecture of the incas, the humidity is absent. However, the height of these mountains and the amount of oxygen may have the unexpected effect on Your body, so you should always take account of this fact when preparing the programme. As for the jungles of the Amazon, they are a special part of the country, the visit of which involves not only the desire to get acquainted with the local tribes, rich flora and fauna of the largest rivers in the world, but also the availability of vaccination against yellow fever and malaria. This must be taken into account when planning its own route acquaintance with this wonderful country.

Peru is also the home of the potato in Europe, he came to that of South America), now there are more than 2000 species. The history of a potato begins in infertile and cold areas of the Andes at an altitude of 500 m above sea level. The first farmers, вырастившими potatoes, were peruvians times of pre-columbian America, it was 7000 years ago! Europeans first learned about this vegetable only in 1570, thanks to the first mariners, descended on the earth. However, only with 1780 potatoes were grown different farms Europe, and he has taken a strong place on the tables of representatives of all layers of the society.

Peru - the homeland of famous wool "alpaca", from which are made bright and very warm sweaters, hats, scarves and other knitted things. Lam bred at the alpine meadows of the sierras, so here they are also used as pack animals, and as a source of meat and wool.

There is one more interesting fact, connected with the history of Latin-american dances. Not far from Lima grown horse paso, which are considered to be born dancers and easy to learn dressage. Famous Latin american dance doble borrowed its name from these graceful animals.

Possibly, not all know that Peru is the third after our country and Japan fishing power. Therefore, in coastal areas, and also in Lima, many fish restaurants. The most popular local dish called "себиче" and represents a kind of siberian строганины or the japanese "sashimi". Taking into account that the fish is filled with lemon juice, to which add the pepper and the chopped onion, this dish is safe for consumption in any weather. Remembering about the potato, which are prepared here in different forms and in combination with different dishes, it is possible not to be afraid of meeting with the local cuisine, adapted to our tastes.

The main objects to visit in Peru are mysterious drawings on the Nazca plateau, the city of Cusco - the archaeological capital of the country, modern houses which are built on the foundations of civilization of the incas, the ancient city of the incas of Machu Picchu, the snow-white Arequipa, next to which is the deepest in the world Colca canyon (the birthplace of famous condors, in honor of which is not less famous musical composition "El condor pasa"), the most high-mountainous lake in the world Titicaca with its symbolic holiday in honor of the founder of the inca and the Amazon jungle in the north of the country.

Nazca.

"The most beautiful thing that we can test, is a sense of mystery. It is the source of all true art and all science. Those who have never experienced this feeling, who can not stop and think, with timid delight, he is like a dead person, and his eyes are closed". Albert Einstein

Probably, not without reason it is on the plateau of the Pampa de Nasca can appear mysterious huge drawings, which can be seen only from the air. Feature of the local coastal strip, more reminiscent of the wilderness, than primorsky district, has remain unchanged multiple lines, as if written huge rake on a large gravel earth. Many scientists are inclined to believe that these figures have been drawn to consider them from the space or, at least, from the board of an aircraft.

2500 years ago in Peru was founded the first city - Кагуачи, which is located on the banks of the Rio Grande on the Nazca plateau. The settlement is based civilization Nasca - the most developed among the predecessors of civilization of the incas. The Nazca were excellent soldiers, merchants and fishermen, to be able to do ceramics of the highest quality and considered the best potters of pre-columbian America. They also built a huge aqueduct, to irrigate their fields. The remains of this construction preserved to our times. But the main thing, than, perhaps, were owned by the representatives of civilization Nazca, is the art of aeronautics or, at least, the ability to communicate with those who possessed the art.

Within 30-40 minutes of flight on a small sports plane You will be able to see one of the most mysterious places on the planet and, probably, will become the author of the new version of the origin of this man-made miracle. On the huge territory with an area of 500 square kilometers are various bars, clean lines, symmetrically defined geometric shapes and figures, one of which can be seen only from the side of the sea in the town of Paracas.

Multiple lines are organized in such a way that from the air they resemble modern airfield. Some of them crosses Пампу-de-Nazca from end to end of the line pass through dry riverbeds, climb hills and again go down. No natural obstacles have not rejected them from a given direction. On the plateau there are 13000 such perfectly straight lines! Geometric figures on the size of a football field, a part of them crosses each other. As for the pictures (there are 32), each of them painted one continuous line, which ends at the same point, from where it begins, which further adds mystery, given the size of the artwork. The biggest are the figures of the condor (135 meters), lizards (180 meters), pelican (135 meters) , and monkeys (90 meters). A clear preference was given to the birds, some of which have never lived on our planet. Perhaps, ancient civilizations were able to tame some of the flying lizards and use them to travel by air. Also here there are strange images of people, one of which reminds of the astronaut that inspired researchers at the thought of some alien civilization, which also state of the incas. The size of one of the depicted people has only 33 metres, although the symbolism of this number leads to other thoughts.

In the countries of Latin America is very common myth about the winged serpent, which was the subject of worship for the ancient aztecs and the maya in Mexico. In a slightly modified form image of the serpent came and in our fairy tales, and legends of the peoples of Asia. But it is in Latin America there is a legend about the mysterious bearded men, who used winged serpents for its motion through the air. In our fairy tales Gorynych the Serpent was an independent character, and the fabulous aircraft - broom used only Baba-Yaga. That fact is interesting, that in New Zealand, which is located in the Pacific ocean from the coast of Peru, ornaments chelny tribe maori very much similar to drawings of the highland Nazca, although on the territory of New Zealand was not found anything similar to what we can see in Peru.

The author of one of the versions about the origin of the mysterious lines and drawings is a German mathematician Maria Reiche. In the beginning of the last century she was engaged in studying of Mesopotamia and the role played by irrigation in the life of ancient people. They are interested in places, "where are the sun". Therefore, it was of interest to the systems of irrigation in the arid regions of South America and, in particular, in Peru. She became the assistant of the american historian Paul Косока, who was the originator of drawings on the Nazca plateau. That fact is interesting, that, when the Support made its opening, this plateau is crossed Панамериканское highway, the house was visited by hundreds of people. But none of them noticed no lines, no figures, no pictures!

Maria Reiche settled in Peru, not far from the findings and every morning with the sun and in the evening before sunset was on the plateau make their astronomical observations and mathematical measurement. As a result, she came to the conclusion that the figures and drawings were used for the civilization of the incas large astronomical calendar, or agricultural Zodiac. Something similar, however, in stone, preserved in the Uk. This is the famous Стонхедж. Only there are not figures, and the stone blocks are oriented to the rising and setting of the sun and other celestial bodies. However, the precise purpose of Nazca drawings still remains a mystery. Perhaps, all these figures are elements not yet solved writing.

Scientists have established, that all these lines, figures and drawings were made relatively recently: in VI-X centuries of our era, when for a long time fell the ancient Greek and roman civilizations, been replaced by the Byzantine empire, and in the Arabian peninsula began a new religion. Perhaps, at the same time on the american continent contacts continued, the beginning of which have mystical Atlantis, the ancient minoan civilization and the egyptian priests.

Perhaps few people know that in 1709, on admittance to the king of Portugal was his subject Bartolomeu de Gusmao, a native of Brazil and the jesuit. He smote the king, and all the royal court order that has committed over Lisbon flight on a balloon filled with hot air. He was an inverted funnel which grew from the bottom. It was, in fact, the first in the history of hot air balloon, although the first aeronauts went to the French - brothers Монгольфе, carried out the flight much later, in 1783. Bartolomeu was born in a small brazilian town of Santos and studied in a catholic school. His teachers were missionaries who worked in the most remote corners of South America, including Peru. Perhaps, it is from them that the young jesuit received the first information about the ancient aircraft. However, the flight of a man above the earth was in the middle ages budget connection with the evil force, so Guzmбn had to flee to Spain, where he died in poverty and obscurity. Only in the XX-th century compatriots put a monument to him in his native city and released a postage stamp, which shows the first balloon. This flight was repeated by the british Jim Вудмэном and Julian Ноттом - champions of the world in flights on the balloons. They built the same balloon, on which flew Bartolomeu. The ball was made of dense peruvian tissue, and gondola served cane boat on lake Titicaca. Both the balloonist landed at the time, because they created a balloon immediately went up and flew over the plateau. As it turned out, the ancients knew a secret. At a height of one and a half thousand meters the rays of the tropical sun balance cooling the air in the container in such a way that the ball does not go up until the going down of the sun, and then, as if to follow him, gradually falls into the ocean.