Theoretical aspects and the basic provisions of the state financial policy

 

In addition, in the coming period will be established an integrated system of planning of public investment, which provides high-quality development of investment projects in accordance with industry and regional priorities for economic development.

 

In the study of foreign policy RK must be remembered that until 1991 the development of the republic was carried out in a centralized system of planning and integration into the framework of the economic space of the former Soviet Union. In the Soviet period Kazakhstan was carried out industrialization and economic development, but the republic has specialized in supplying to other republics of the USSR fuel and energy, grains, agricultural products, ie wore raw materials.

 

All internal, inter-republican and foreign trade was regulated by a system of state orders. Export licenses and quotas were distributed nearly 200 items of goods, the export of strategic goods carried out only through the foreign trade monopoly structure. Virtually all trade with the countries of the former Soviet Union was regulated by bilateral intergovernmental agreements, and was carried out on a clearing basis.

 

The establishment of foreign trade and foreign policy of Kazakhstan connected with the acquisition of national independence and economic reforms. Independent trade policy - is a necessary condition for entering the republic in the world community.

 

After independence, Kazakhstan has embarked on the liberalization of foreign trade. Was adopted by presidential decree having the force of law, "On the organization of foreign economic activity of RK for a period of economic stabilization and economic reform" on January 25, 1992 were also adopted a number of documents relating to the liberalization of prices for different types of products.

 

Imports RK 90 - years. characterized by the growth of imports of goods from Russia due to the devaluation of the ruble, in connection with the cheaper Russian goods and the fall of the price competitiveness of the products of Kazakhstan's production. Open borders within the Customs Union have contributed to the penetration of Russian products at dumping prices, and especially in the border areas with Russia. In turn, decreased export of Kazakh goods to Russia.

 

In connection with all the above reasons, in January 1999, Kazakhstan adopted a number of anti-dumping measures. Governments of the ROK and the Russian Federation was signed "The temporary ban on import of goods of the first category of the Russian Federation."

 

Later, it was introduced 200% tariff on goods imported from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.

 

These steps - steps of Kazakhstan in the direction of protectionism in foreign trade policy. They had a double effect: on one hand - must have been to promote and raise the interest of domestic producers in the production, and strengthen their position in the local market, to counter the cheap and low quality goods from the CIS countries, on the other hand, - has sharply increased smuggling, revenue fell the state budget has decreased competition, reduced range of goods, local manufacturers are not always demanding to the quality of its products.

 

The global financial crisis, the devaluation of the currencies of the countries - trading partners of the CIS, the influx of imports at dumping prices, falling export prices - all this had an impact on this decision. In addition, the high rate of tenge was supported by the NSC is artificial, for these purposes were spent gold - foreign exchange reserves of the RK.

 

Thus, this measure is implemented in order to support export-oriented industries, import restrictions, the establishment of the real exchange rate, protection of domestic producers.

 

Today, Kazakhstan has trade relations with more than 120 countries around the world. The main trade partners are Russia and the CIS, Turkey, China, Germany, Holland, Switzerland, USA, Korea, etc.

 

Assessing the structure of exports and imports, we can see that it is traditional. In the coming years the country will enter foreign markets with commodity products: oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, agricultural products. The manufacturing industry today, unfortunately, not competitive, requires huge amounts of money and time to carry out reconstruction and invest in these sectors, but this is necessary if we want to take their rightful place in the world community. The import RK prevails finished products, machinery, equipment, and consumer goods.

 

At present, areas of foreign trade of RK are:

 

rationalization of the structure of imports;

 

conduct of protectionist policies to stimulate domestic producers;

 

encourage imports of advanced technologies and equipment to upgrade production.

 

The second half of 1999 has improved the economic situation in Kazakhstan and the economy started to grow, which is associated with the literate activities of the Government to regulate foreign trade, release tenge free floating, rising prices on world commodity markets and the improvement of the situation on world financial markets.

 

In 1999, a number of laws regulating the trade regime in Kazakhstan: Government Decision "On the program attract foreign direct investment in the ROK for the period 1999-2000." from July 1, 1999, the Law of RK "On anti-dumping measures" on July 13, 1999, the Law of RK "On Plant Quarantine" on February 11, 1999, Law "On Standardization" on July 16, 1999, the Act "Certification" on July 16, 1999, Law "On Customs Affairs in RK" on July 16, 1999 All these measures have led to the fact that the legal framework of the republic, more and more in line with rules and regulations adopted in the world community that is a positive aspect of foreign trade.

 

For Kazakhstan, in 2000 became the most successful in all respects, unnecessarily all macroeconomic indicators achieved high marks. Exports in the I quarter of 2000 reached 1960 million U.S. dollars, or 190.7% of I quarter 1999 and 97.5% for IV quarter of 1999 imports (including adjustments for non-organized trade) amounted to 1550 million U.S. dollars, or 112% for the first quarter of 1999 and 96.7% in IV quarter 1999

 

The main results of foreign trade was liberalized foreign trade and regulatory framework to bring the country into conformity with international law.

 

Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of February 3, 2004 N 126 "On issues of foreign trade statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan" Customs Control Agency of the RK entrusted with the January 1, 2004 to the formation of foreign trade statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan in accordance with international methodology and publication of monthly bulletins Express information, as well as quarterly and annual bulletins of customs statistics of foreign trade.

 

In the area of ​​Kazakhstan foreign trade has gone from tight control by the state to significant trade liberalization.

 

The republic has conducted substantial trade liberalization:

 

abolished quotas for export of goods;

 

shortened the list of licensed products;

 

abolished export duties on all products except wheat, oil, gas, and nonferrous metals;

 

abolished the practice of granting tax and customs privileges;

 

Institute abolished special exporters, the export of any goods;

 

formed a number of free economic zones;

 

The scheme of preferences for least developed and developing countries, which provides partial or full exemption from import duties of products imported from those countries;

 

improved system of technical, sanitary, phytosanitary and other controls;

 

introduced a system of independent pre-shipment examination of import contracts.

 

In order to facilitate foreign trade and international economic relations in the republic created a public organization - the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) of the RK. The purpose of the House - to assist the State in carrying out economic reforms, the main task - protecting the interests of domestic businesses. CCI brings together the country and serves more than 400 full members of joint stock companies, firms, corporations, various forms of ownership. The competence of the House - information, expertise, search for investors, due to the business world.

 

The organizational structure of the central office of the CCI includes five departments: foreign relations, information, investment, law and contractual services and services free of payment of attorneys.

 

When CCI permanent arbitration commission to settle disputes and disagreements  WEC members. In regional centers operate 19 regional Chamber of Commerce in Kazakhstan, which together with the company "Kazakhstan examination" shall have the following expert services to enterprises of the republic, in accordance with the terms of foreign trade and international agreements:

 

• legal support of foreign economic activity;

 

• consideration in arbitration of disputes arising in the implementation of foreign trade and international relations;

 

• preparation and conduct of the republic of international and national exhibitions, presentations, seminars and symposia;

 

• providing information on international and foreign trade fairs in Kazakhstan and national exhibitions abroad;

 

• examination of the quality and quantity of goods, raw materials and equipment;

 

• identity certificates of origin;

 

• search for partners to establish direct ties, the joint venture;

 

• inclusion of Kazakh companies, associations and organizations, and private firms in the "Register of reliable partners";

 

• provision of translation and interpretation;

 

• organization of education and training of managers and specialists of Kazakhstan abroad;

 

• provision of information and reference materials on economic activity;

 

• Chamber of Commerce and the Ministry of Labour RK, Kazakh State National University. Al-Farabi National Center organized training of personnel.

 

Development of trade and economic relations with near and far abroad, exports actually contributes to the activity of the Kazakhstan Center of Business Cooperation (IEC), established under the TACIS program. Within the boundaries of its territory in Almaty, Kazakh President Decree created a free trade zone "Atakent", whose objectives are:

 

• formation of a single economic, trade and exposition and information center of international importance;

 

• creating an environment conducive to establishing mutually beneficial business cooperation, the expansion of industrial and technological cooperation and foreign investment;

 

• to promote increased trade and accelerate operations, promotion on foreign markets a wide range of domestic products;

 

• development of service industries, including news, marketing and other services.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusion

 

In the process of writing a term paper studied the works of the classical world's financiers, as well as analyze regulatory and legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, relevant to the topic.

 

As a result, made the following findings:

 

The financial system is caused by the interaction of these elements - the subsystems:

 

1) The aggregate financial relations;

 

2) The total funds of funds;

 

3) the financial management staff.

 

None of its subsystems can not exist independently: Finance, on the one hand, the expression of the relations of production and so are the element of this relationship, on the other - represent a system composed of interconnected elements, which have their functional properties.

 

On fiscal policy and the financial mechanism, as a part of economic policy and a mechanism for independent normal process of expanded reproduction. Correctly formulated monetary policy, clearly adjusted synchronously operating the financial mechanism contribute to the socio-economic development of society.

 

The content of the financial policy of the state is the systematic organization of finances, taking into account the economic laws and in accordance with the objectives of social development. The financial policy of each stage of social development has its own characteristics, solves various tasks, taking into account the state of the economy, the urgent needs of the material and social life and other factors.

 

Despite the diversity of fiscal policy in Kazakhstan, its content is expressed in the consistent implementation of these steps:

 

1) development of evidence-based concept of development finance in the country based on economic laws, the study of the economy, the prospects for socio-economic development of society;

 

2) the formulation of strategic and tactical activities of financial policies on the basis of the relevant goals and objectives of economic policy;

 

3) the practical implementation of the actions through the financial mechanism of its reconstruction or adjustment depending on the radical economic transformation.

 

Financial Policies - a set of purposeful intentions and activities undertaken by the state in the field of finance to carry out their functions and tasks. Fiscal policy is an integral part of economic policy. As economic policy in general, fiscal policy is developed by the State based on the requirements of economic laws - the essential, recurring stable, objective relationships and interdependencies of phenomena and processes in the economic life of society.

 

Depending on the duration of the period and nature of the tasks fiscal policy is divided into a financial strategy and financial strategy.

 

Financial Strategy - a long-term course of monetary policy, designed for the future and providing for solving large scale problems, certain economic and social strategy. During this period, predicted the main trends of development finance, formed the concept of their use, and outlines the principles of financial constraints Relations (Tax Policy), the question of the need to concentrate financial resources on those areas of the economy, which are developed and adopted economic policies. Consequently, monetary policy, as part of economic policy research solves problems, concentration and accumulation of financial resources and their distribution in the direction of development that produced the economic policy.

 

Financial tactics - is aimed at solving problems specific stage of development of society, by a timely ways to change the organization of financial links, rearrangement of financial resources. When the relative stability of the financial strategy, financial tactics must be more flexible, since it is determined by the mobility of economic conditions and social factors.

 

Strategy and tactics of monetary policy are interrelated. The strategy creates opportunities to solve tactical problems.

 

By itself, fiscal policy can not be good or bad. It is assessed according to how it meets the interests of society (or some part thereof) and how it contributes to the achievement of goals and solve specific problems.

 

The effectiveness of monetary policy is higher, the longer it takes into account the needs of social development, the interests of all segments of society, specifically - the historical conditions and peculiarities of life.

 

In conclusion we can say that only an integrated approach to improve the financial mechanism of Kazakhstan can achieve the desired results, ie modern form of socio-oriented financial system functioning properly in market conditions.

 

 

References

 

1. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 24, 1996 № 54-1 "On Currency Regulation"

 

2. Resolution of the National Bank "The concept of liberalization of the exchange rate regime in the Republic of Kazakhstan" dated September 11, 2002 № 369

 

3. The program of liberalization of currency regime in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2004

 

4. The program of liberalization of currency regime in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2007.

 

5. Republic of Kazakhstan Agency on Statistics, statistics, Almaty, 2005

 

6. About the further measures to implement the development strategy of Kazakhstan until 2030, Almaty - 2004.

 

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24. Bolshakov SV Fiscal policy and financial regulation in transition economies. / / Finance 1998 № 4.

 

25. General Theory of Finance: Textbook / LA Drobozina, JN Konstantinov, LP Okun and others, ed. LA Drobozinoy. - M.: Banks and stock exchanges. UNITY, 1995

 

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