Контрольная работа по "Английскому языку"

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 1

Вариант П.  

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TEXT

    Most people work to earn a living, and to produce goods and services. Goods are either agricultural (like maize and milk) or manufactured (like cars and paper). Services are such things as education, medicine and commerce. Some people provide goods; some provide services. Other people provide both goods and services. For example, in the same garage a man may buy a car or some service which helps him to maintain his car.

    The work people do is called economic activity. All economic activities together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country or the world. Such an economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want. The work people undertake either provides what they need or provides the money with which they can buy essential commodities. Of course, most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services which are non-essential but which provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the cinema and books. 

          Перевод

Большинство людей работают, чтобы заработать на жизнь и производить товары и услуги. Товары бывают либо сельскохозяйственные (как кукуруза и молоко) или промышленные (как автомобили и бумага). Услуги - это такие вещи как образование, медицина и торговля. Некоторые люди производят товары, а некоторые предоставляют услуги. Другие люди производят как товары, так и услуги. Например, в одном и том же гараже человек может купить машину и некоторые услуги, которые помогают ему содержать машину.

Работу, которую  делают люди, называют деловой активностью. Вместе все деловые активности составляют экономическую систему маленького города, большого, страны или большей области. Такая экономическая система есть совокупность того, что люди делают и что они хотят. Работа, за которую принимаются люди либо обеспечивает их тем, что им необходимо или обеспечивает их деньгами, с помощью которых они могут купить товары первой необходимости. Конечно же, большинство людей надеются заработать достаточно денег, чтобы купить товары и услуги, которые не являются необходимыми, но которые частично удовлетворяют персональные потребности, как детские игрушки, походы в кино и книги. 

  1. Выполните следующие задания. Напишите, правильно ли утверждение. Если нет, скажите, почему вы так считаете.

1. Most people produce either goods or services.
2. Services are either agricultural or manufactured.
3. Education and medicine are provided by schools and hospitals.
4. Cars and paper are agricultural goods.
5. Paper is a non-agricultural commodity.
6. The work which people do is called an economic system.
7. A city has its own economic system.

 

     8. Economic activity is the sum-total of what people do and want.

     9. The work people undertake provides them with money, or with what they need.

     10. Most people do not want to buy non-essential commodities and services. 

Ответ

1. True.

2. False. It is goods that are either agricultural or manufactured.

3. True.

4. False. Cars and paper are manufactured goods.

5. True.

6. False. The work which people do is called economic activity.

7. True.

8. False. Economic system is the sum-total of what people do and want.

9. True.

10. False. Most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services which are non-essential. 

2 Перепишите и переведите предложение, опуская союз which. Значение предложения остаётся таким же, но предложение становится менее    формальным.

1. The goods which they wanted were essential minerals.
2. The schools and hospitals which they provide are essential.
3. The goods which he are valuable.
4. The money which the people earned bought many commodities
5. The goods and services which people produce are very useful.
6. The work which we all do is called economic activity.

7. The economic activities which people undertake make up the economic system of a town, city, country or larger area.

8. The work which most people do provides them with money.
9. The economic system which people belong to is the sum-total of their needs and actions.
10. The work which he undertook was useful but non-essential.

 

Ответ

1. The goods they wanted were essential minerals.

Товары, которые  они хотели бы - минералы.

2. The schools and hospitals they provide are essential.

Школы и больницы, которые они обеспечивают (снабжают), необходимы.

3. The goods he wants are valuable.

Товары, которые  он хочет ценные. (пропущен глагол в задании)

4. The money the people earned bought many commodities.

За деньги, которые люди заработали можно купить много товаров.

5. The goods and services people produce are very useful.

Товары и  услуги, которые производят люди, очень  полезны.

6. The work we all do is called economic activity.

Работа, которую  мы делаем, называется деловой активностью.

7. The economic activities people undertake make up the economic system of a town, city, country or larger area.

Деловая активность, которую предпринимают люди, составляет экономическую систему маленького города, большого, страны или большей области.

8. The work most people do provides them with money.

Работа, которую  делают многие люди, обеспечивает их деньгами.

    9. The economic system people belong to is the sum-total of their needs and actions.

  Экономическая система, к которой люди принадлежат, есть совокупность  их нужд и действий.

   10. The work he undertook was useful but non-essential.

Работа, за которую он принялся, была полезной, но не необходимой.

 

3. Из двух простых  предложений образуйте  с помощью союза  if сложноподчинённое предложение.

1. Не must study.

Не wants to become an economist.

2. People work.

They will earn money.

3. You will make more money. You work regularly and rapidly.

4. You work together building that house.

You will finish the whole thing more rapidly.

5. Men study the economic system of a country scientifically. 
     We call them economists.

Ответ

1. Не must study if hе wants to become an economist.
2. If people work, they will earn money.
3. If you work regularly and rapidly, you will make more money.
4. If you work together building that house, you will finish the whole thing more rapidly.
5. If men study the economic system of a country scientifically, we call them economists.

4. Ответьте на следующие  вопросы.

1. What do people do to earn a living?
2. What kind of goods do you know?
3. What are services?
4. All people provide goods, don't they?
5. What is economic activity?
6. What is an economic system?
7. Why do people undertake work?

 

8. Why do people try to earn enough money?
9. Do people always buy essential commodities?

10. What commodities do we call essential and non-essential? 

Ответ

1.Most people work to earn a living.

2. Goods are either agricultural (like maize or milk) or manufactured (like cars and paper).

3. Services are such things as education, medicine and commerce.

4. No, only some people provide goods and some provide services.

5. Economic activity is the work people do.

6. Economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want.

7. People undertake work to be provided with what they need or with the money with which they can buy essential commodities.

8. People try to earn enough money to buy commodities and services which are non-essential.

9. Yes, people always buy essential commodities, such as food or clothes.

10. Essential commodities are food, clothes and shelter and non-essential commodities are the ones which provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the cinema and books.