Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 16 Декабря 2010 в 07:16, контрольная работа
1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. When do pupils take their “0” level exam?
2. How many “A” levels are enough to go to university?
2. Прочтите текст повторно и найдите английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний.
все еще действующий; монастырские школы; юридическая школа; унифицированное обучение; для удобства; всех возрастов; проживая в гостиницах; арендуя жилье; играть в игры.
3. Закончите следующие предложения.
1. University education originated in ... . 2. Lectures and lessons were conducted in ... . 3. The word “college” was at first associated with ... . 4. The first college originated in ... . 5. Oxford and Cambridge have much in ... and they are called collectively as ... .
4. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What institution
is responsible for education in Great Britain/the Russia? 2. At what
age do children go to school in Great Britain/the Russia? 3. What pre-school
institutions are there in Britain/the Russia? 4. At what age do boys
and girls leave school in England/the Russia? 5. What does the “0”-
or “A”-level of the General Certificate of Education depend on?
6. What educational institutions provide higher education in England/the
USSR? 7. What is the first scientific degree in England? 8. How long
does the course for the first degree last? 9. How long do the post-graduate
courses for a master's degree last? 10. How many more years of research
studies arc needed for Ph.D.?
UNIVERSITIES
IN GREAT BRITAIN
There are 45 universities in Great Britain (including the Open University). The character of an English university can be understood from the history of its foundation and development only.
Oxford and Cambridge are known as the oldest unique universities founded in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, respectively. These universities developed from a great number of independent colleges and still remain unique in the strength of their collegiate traditions. Cambridge is a federation of 20 colleges, while Oxford consists of 48 colleges, of which some admit only men, others admit only women, and some are coeducational. The general proportion of men to women students in the country is about three to one; at Oxford and Cambridge it is over four to one.
The colleges of Oxbridge are residential institutions and they mainly use a tutorial method of teaching, which brings the tutor into close and personal contact with the student. Each tutor has 10-12 students.
Until the fifteenth century the history of Cambridge was not as significant as that of Oxford. But by the end of the seventeenth century the University was the home of Sir Isaac Newton – professor of mathematics from 1669 till 1702 whose influence was deep. At that time serious tests were offered to the candidates for degrees. During the early part of the nineteenth century examinations were greatly improved and written examinations were more often used than oral.
At the same time there were built a number of laboratories for natural sciences, among them the Cavendish Laboratory. The Cavendish Laboratory organized by the well-known Scottish mathematician and physicist Maxwell was opened in 1871. It was named after the English scientist of the 18th century Sir Henry Cavendish. Now it is one of the greatest physical laboratories known throughout the world.
Besides Oxbridge there are six more collegiate universities in Great Britain, but their structure and methods of teaching vary from one another. However, on the whole, the collegiate system can be described as follows: a collegiate university is a federation of colleges where each college is largely independent. Each college has its own separate legal foundation (building and staff of teachers) as well as its own sources of income. Colleges admit students, organize programmes and students' studies as well as residence, laboratories, libraries and term examinations, while the university is an examining and degree-granting body only. The university is responsible for organizing final examinations for all the body of college students and confers degrees to them on successful passing these examinations.
Social
changes have certainly transformed the collegiate universities considerably.
Many of the traditions have gone in the past. However, in spite -of
all these changes Oxbridge colleges have not lost their distinctive
character.
Vocabulary
body of students - студенты
income - доход, заработок
influence - влияние; действие
residence - местожительство; резиденция; проживание
source - источник
staff - штат служащих, служебный персонал
term - семестр
tutor - руководитель группы студентов, куратор
to admit - допускать; признавать
to confer - присваивать звание; присуждать степень
to consist of - состоять из
distinctive - отличительный, характерный
oral - устный
significant - важный, существенный, значительный
strict - строгий
respectively - соответственно
as follows - следующим образом
in spite of - несмотря на
throughout
the world - во всем мире
ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ:
1.
Прочтите текст и скажите, как
распределяются сферы
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний.
все
еще остаются; совместное обучение;
общее соотношение; еще шесть; методы
обучения; в целом; следующим образом;
в значительной степени независим;
источники дохода; семестровые экзамены;
выпускные экзамены; вся масса студентов
колледжей; присваивать степень; успешная
сдача экзаменов; несмотря на все эти изменения;
отличительная черта; соответственно;
свыше.
3. Найдите в тексте абзац в подтверждение мысли о том, что:
не
зная истории зарождения и развития
английского университета, трудно понять
его сущность; доступ женщин в английский
университет ограничен;
4. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What
higher educational institutions are there in Great Britain? 2. How many
universities are there in Great Britain? 3. What collegiate universities
were mentioned in the text? 4. Why do they call these universities collegiate?
5. How many colleges are there in Oxford/Cambridge? 6. Why do they call
these universities unique? 7. What are colleges responsible for? 8. Who
is in charge of organizing final examinations? 9. Do English women enjoy
equal rights with men in the field of higher education?
OPEN
UNIVERSITY
The Open University is the most recently established university in Great Britain. It was set up in 1969 for those people, who missed the chance of going to an ordinary university. The university differs from other universities in that its students work in full-time jobs and can study only in their free time by means of distance teaching materials, through correspondence and broadcasting. Students need to study about ten hours a week and they are to do a lot of watching and listening to the weekly lectures on television and radio.
As the university is really “open” neither formal entrance examinations, nor qualifications are required at undergraduate level. Students are admitted on a “first come, first served” basis. Each student gets the help of his own tutor who he meets regularly.
Students may be of all ages and come from all walks of life. Some of them want to improve their qualification, others come to the university to do something they have always wanted but had no time or good chance to do it before. This is one of the attractive aspects of the university.
The university has faculties and three programmes of study – undergraduate, associate and postgraduate. The B.A. degree is built up on a credit system. Student's final mark is based on the exam in October and the written assignments done during the year. If you pass and most people do, you have got one credit towards the six that you need for the B.A. degree. At the usual speed of a course a year it will take you six (or eight) years to get your degree.
Returning
to “school” may be difficult for most students as they have forgotten
or never knew how to study and to prepare for the exams. As an Open
University student you get to university life at the summer schools
which you must attend -in the first year. You spend a week at a college
or university taking lectures and seminars, having discussions and working
hard in an exciting atmosphere. It is here that most students understand
that they have begun to master the discipline of university study.
Vocabulary
distance teaching - заочное обучение
qualifications - квалификационное свидетельство об образовании
undergraduate level - курс обучения на степень бакалавра
from all walks of life - разного общественного положения
it is here that you - именно здесь вы
broadcasting - радиопередача, радиовещание
chance - случай, случайность; возможность,
credit - вера, доверие; зачет
entrance - вход; вступление
mark - оценка
majority - большинство
to establish - устанавливать, основывать
to excite - волновать; возбуждать, вызывать
to forget (forgot, forgotten) - забывать
to master - одолеть, справиться; владеть, овладеть
to miss -пропускать; упускать
to prepare (for) - готовить, подготавливать; готовиться (к)
to serve - служить
to set up - учреждать, создавать
external - наружный, внешний
own - собственный
recently - недавно
research
associate - научный сотрудник
ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ:
1. Прочтите текст и найдите в нем факты, подтверждающие два мнения:
- «Открытый» университет – привлекательная и гуманная форма обучения;
-
«Открытый» университет – трудная
форма обучения.
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:
был
учрежден; упустил возможность (шанс);
отличается от; повысить квалификацию;
привлекательная черта; система
зачетов; потребуется 6 лет; готовиться
к экзаменам; приобщиться к студенческой
жизни; работая упорно; волнующая (захватывающая)
атмосфера.
3. Найдите в тексте и прочтите абзац, где говорится:
– о социальном составе студентов;
– о правилах приема;
– о трудностях, с которыми сталкиваются студенты и мерах по их преодолению;
– об организации университета.
4.
Ответьте на вопросы:
1.
Why do they call the university “open”? 2. What is the difference
between an ordinary university and the Open University? 3. What teaching
methods do they use? 4. Who are the students of the university? 5. How
many faculties and programmes are there at the university? 6. How many
credits must a student get for a BA degree? 7. How much time does it
practically take him to do it? 8. What difficulties may a student meet
in his studies?
5.
Подумайте и скажите о:
1. The British Open University and its positive aspects.
2. The evening department or part-time department education in Russia.
3.
Correspondence departments (заочное отделение) at Russian
colleges.
1. Когда учащиеся
принимаете их «0» уровень
2. Сколько «A»
уровней бывает достаточно, чтобы пойти
в университет?
1. Учащихся в
средних школах в Англии (то
есть учеников в возрасте
2. Многие учащиеся
принимают «0» уровень в о
семи или восьми различных
предметов. Есть много
3. Для много рабочих мест это вполне достаточно иметь четыре или пять «0» уровня, и обычно они включают английский и математику.
4. Некоторые
учащиеся оставить школу,
5. Три «» уровни
являются достаточно пойти в
университет. Но если они
3. Выберите нужную форму глагола to be и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. История (, был, будет) мой любимый предмет в школе.
2. Частные школы (, были, будет) дорого.
3. Мы (, были, будет)
инженеров в пять лет.
4. Напишите предложения в вопросительной, а затем в отрицательной форме и переведите их на русский язык:
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