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Англійський еквівалент |
Німецький еквівалент |
Значення
даного слова |
| alpenglow |
s
Alpenglühen |
a
reddish glow seen on the mountain tops around sunrise or sunset |
| Alzheimer's
disease |
e
Alzheimer Krankheit |
brain
disease named for the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915),
who first identified it in 1906 |
| angst/Angst |
e
Angst |
"fear"
- in English, a neurotic feeling of anxiety and depression |
| Anschluss |
r
Anschluss |
"annexation"
- specifically, the 1938 annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany (the
Anschluss) |
| apple
strudel |
r
Apfelstrudel |
a
type of pastry made with thin layers of dough, rolled up with a fruit
filling; from the German for "swirl" or "whirlpool" |
| aspirin |
s
Aspirin |
Aspirin
(acetylsalicyclic acid) was invented by the German chemist Felix Hoffmann
working for Bayer AG in 1899. |
| aufeis |
s
Aufeis |
Literally,
"on-ice" or "ice on top" (Arctic geology). German
citation: "Venzke, J.-F. (1988): Beobachtungen zum Aufeis-Phänomen
im subarktisch-ozeanischen Island. |
| autobahn |
e
Autobahn |
"freeway"
- The German Autobahn has almost mythical status. |
| automat |
r
Automat |
a
(New York City) restaurant that dispenses food from coin-operated compartments |
Bildungsroman*
pl. Bildungeromane |
r
Bildungsroman
Bildungsromane pl. |
"formation
novel" - a novel that focuses on the maturation of, and the intellectual,
psychological, or spiritual development of the main character |
| blitz |
r
Blitz |
"lightning"
- a sudden, overwhelming attack; a charge in football; the Nazi attack
on England in WWII |
| blitzkrieg |
r
Blitzkrieg |
"lightning
war" - a rapid-strike war; Hitler's attack on England in WWII |
| bratwurst |
e
Bratwurst |
grilled
or fried sausage made of spiced pork or veal |
| cobalt |
s
Kobalt |
cobalt,
Co; |
coffee
klatsch (klatch)
Kaffeeklatsch |
r
Kaffeeklatsch |
a
friendly get-together over coffee and cake |
concertmaster
concertmeister |
r
Konzertmeister |
the
leader of the first violin section of an orchestra, who often also serves
as assistant conductor |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease
CJD |
e
Creutzfeldt-Jakob-
Krankheit |
"mad
cow disease" or BSE is a variant of CJD, a brain disease named
for the German neurologists Hans Gerhardt Creutzfeldt (1883-1964) and
Alfons Maria Jakob (1884-1931) |
| |
| dachshund |
r
Dachshund |
dachshund,
a dog (der Hund) originally trained to hunt badger (der Dachs);
the "wiener dog" nickname comes from its hot-dog shape (see
"wiener") |
degauss
also: gauss |
s
Gauß |
to
demagnetize, neutralize a magnetic field; the "gauss" is a
unit of measurement of magnetic induction (symbol G or Gs,
replaced by the Tesla), named for German mathematician and astronomer
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). |
deli
delicatessen |
s
Delikatessen |
prepared
cooked meats, relishes, cheeses, etc.; a shop selling such foods |
| diesel |
r
Dieselmotor |
The
diesel engine is named for its German inventor, Rudolf Diesel
(1858-1913). |
| dirndl |
s
Dirndl
s Dirndlkleid |
Dirndl
is a southern German dialect word for "girl." A dirndl (DIRN-del)
is a traditional woman's dress still worn in Bavaria and Austria.
|
Doberman
pinscher
Dobermann |
F.L.
Dobermann
r Pinscher |
dog
breed named for the German Friedrich Louis Dobermann (1834-1894); the
Pinscher breed has several variations, including the Dobermann,
although technically the Dobermann is not a true pinscher |
doppelgänger
doppelganger |
r
Doppelgänger |
"double
goer" - a ghostly double, look-alike, or clone of a person |
Doppler
effect
Doppler radar |
C.J.
Doppler
(1803-1853) |
apparent
change in the frequency of light or sound waves, caused by rapid movement;
named for the Austrian physicist who discovered the effect |
dreck
drek |
r
Dreck |
"dirt,
filth" - in English, trash, rubbish (from Yiddish/German) |
| edelweiss* |
s
Edelweiß
Song Lyrics |
a
small flowering Alpine plant (Leontopodium alpinum), literally
"noble white" |
| ersatz* |
r
Ersatz |
a
replacement or substitute, usually implying inferiority to the original,
such as "ersatz coffee" |
| Fahrenheit |
D.G.
Fahrenheit |
The
Fahrenheit temperature scale is named for its German inventor, Daniel
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736), who invented the alcohol thermometer
in 1709. |
| Fahrvergnügen |
s
Fahrvergnügen |
"driving
pleasure" - word made famous by a VW ad campaign |
| fest |
s
Fest |
"celebration"
- as in "film fest" or "beer fest" |
| flak/flack |
die
Flak
das Flakfeuer |
"anti-aircraft
gun" (FLiegerAbwehrKanone) - used in English
more like das Flakfeuer (flak fire) for heavy criticism ("He's
taking a lot of flak.") |
| frankfurter |
Frankfurter
Wurst |
hot
dog, orig. a type of German sausage (Wurst) from Frankfurt;
|
| Führer |
r
Führer |
"leader,
guide" - a term that still has Hitler/Nazi connections in English,
more than 70 years after it first came into use |
| |
| Gasthaus |
s
Gasthaus |
"guest
house" - an inn, bed-and-breakfast |
gauss
Gaussian
also: degauss |
s
Gauß |
Old
unit of measurement of magnetic induction (symbol G or Gs,
replaced by the Tesla), named for German mathematician and astronomer
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), who invented the magnetometer. |
gegenschein
the Gegenschein
pron. GAY-ghen-shine |
r
Gegenschein |
"counter
glow" - The "opposition effect," a diffuse, faint light
sometimes visible almost directly opposite the sun in the night sky,
thought to be sunlight reflected by dust particles in the atmosphere.
Web: Photo of the Gegenschein |
| Geiger
counter |
r
Geigerzähler |
Instrument
for measuring radioactivity, named for German physicist Hans Geiger
(1882-1945) |
| Gemeinschaft |
e
Gemeinschaft |
"community"
- A societal form of association giving precendence to personal relationships,
kinship, and membership in a community, as opposed to Gesellschaft. |
| gemütlich |
gemütlich |
cordial,
cozy, comfortable, warm |
| gemütlichkeit |
e
Gemütlichkeit |
an
atmosphere of cozy comfort, warm cordiality |
| Gesamtkunstwerk |
s
Gesamtkunstwerk |
"comprehensive
art work" - In Richard Wagner's aesthetic theory, an ideal
synthesis of performing arts (music, drama, staging, etc.) forming a
kind of total theater, which equals opera. |
| Gesellschaft |
e
Gesellschaft |
"society"
- A societal form of association giving precendence to rational order
and obligations to institutions, as opposed to Gemeinschaft. |
| gestalt |
e
Gestalt |
"shape,
pattern" - in psychology any of the structures and patterns that
make up a person's experiences |
| gesundheit* |
e
Gesundheit |
"health"
(not "bless you") |
| Gewürztraminer |
r
Gewürztraminer |
"spice
of Tramin" - A dry, fruity Alsatian white wine named for the northern
Italian town of Tremeno ("Tramin" in Ger.) where this variety
of wine grape is thought to have originated. |
glitz
glitzy |
glitzerig
glitzern |
"glittering,
sparkling" - gaudiness/gaudy, glittery, ostentatious(ness) |
| glockenspiel |
s
Glockenspiel |
"bell
play" - an instrument played by striking tuned flat metal plates |
gneiss*
(pron. NYCE) |
r
Gneis |
(geology)
metamorphic rock resembling granite; in German the "g" is
pronounced |
| Götterdämmerung* |
e
Götterdämmerung |
"twilight
of the gods," the total, violent collapse of a regime, society,
institution; term borrowed from Wagnerian opera |
| hamburger |
r
Hamburger |
orig.
a "Hamburg steak," a fancy name for ground beef |
| hamster |
r
Hamster |
burrowing
animal often kept as a pet |
| heiligenschein* |
r
Heiligenschein |
"halo
glow" - a halolike optical phenomenon around an observer's shadow;
also see "gegenschein" |
hertz
(Hz)
gigahertz
megahertz |
s
Hertz |
International
unit of frequency (Hz = one cycle per second), named for German
physicist Heinrich R. Hertz (1857-1894) |
| hinterland(s) |
s
Hinterland |
"back
country" - remote area; land bordering on coastal land |
| Kaiser* |
r
Kaiser |
"emperor"
- an Austrian or German emperor; from Latin "caesar" |
| kaput |
kaputt |
broken,
not working; defeated |
| kindergarten |
r
Kindergarten |
"children's
garden" - The first kindergarten was created in Blankenberg (Thüringen)
by Friedrich Fröbel (1782-1852) in 1839. |
kitsch
kitschy |
r
Kitsch
kitschig |
something
gaudy or pretentious, in poor taste (art, literature, furnishings) |
knackwurst
knockwurst |
e
Knackwurst |
a
thick, highly seasoned sausage named for the cracking (knacken)
sound it makes when bitten into |
| kriegspiel |
s
Kriegsspiel |
"war
game" - game for teaching military tactics with small figures representing
troops, tanks, etc. moved about on a large map |
| Kris
Kringle |
s
Christkindl |
"Christ
child", an English corruption of Christkindl, the angel-like
figure who brings gifts to German children on Christmas Eve; now a synonym
for Santa Claus |
| lager |
s
Lager |
"storeroom,
warehouse" - lager beer gets its name from the fact that it is
stored for aging |
| Lebensraum* |
r
Lebensraum |
"living
space" (historical) - territory for political or economic
expansion; originally related to German imperialism |
| lederhosen |
e
Lederhose |
leather
pants |
| leitmotiv |
s
Leitmotiv |
dominant
or central theme (music, literature, etc.) |
Levi's®
pron. LEE-vyes |
Levi
Strauss
(1829-1902) |
Named
for the German-born inventor of jeans |
lied
(pron. LEET)
pl. lieder |
s
Lied |
"song"
- a German lyrical song, usually based on classical German poetry |
liverwurst
leberwurst* |
e
Leberwurst |
"liver
sausage" - sausage containing ground liver |
| loess |
r
Löss |
a
fine-grained, fertile loam |
machtpolitik
Machtpolitik |
e
Machtpolitik |
Similar
to "realpolitik" below. The English term "power politics"
is derived from the German. |
| masochism |
r
Masochismus |
Named
for the Austrian novelist Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (1836-1895) |
| Mergenthaler
press |
Ottmar
Mergenthaler
(1854-1899) |
Named
for the German-born inventor of the Linotype printing process |
| Neanderthal |
s
Neanderthal |
Germany's
"Neander valley," where the remains of ancient man were found;
the valley was named for Joachim Neander (1650-1680) |
| nickel |
s
Nickel |
nickel,
Ni; |
| pinscher |
r
Pinscher |
a
dog breed; see "Doberman pinscher" |
| poltergeist |
poltern
+ Geist |
a
ghost that makes mysterious noises, from the German poltern, to make
noise |
| quartz |
r
Quarz
(pron., kvartz) |
quartz,
a crystalline mineral/rock, SiO2 (silicon dioxide) |
| quartzite |
r
Quarzit
(pron., kvartz-it) |
quartzite,
a type of hard sandstone |
realpolitik*
Realpolitik* |
e
Realpolitik |
"realistic
politics" - historical term for power politics and foreign policy
based on expediancy rather than ethics or public opinion |
| Reich |
s
Reich |
"empire,
realm" - usually used in reference to the "Third Reich,"
the Nazi realm |
| Reichstag |
r
Reichstag |
"imperial
diet" - Der Reichstag was the German parliament prior to WWII.
The word is often used in English, somewhat inaccurately, for the building
(das Reichstagsgebäude) that now houses the Bundestag (federal parliament)
in Berlin. |
| Rottweiler |
r
Rottweiler |
a
dog breed named for the German town of Rottweil |
| rucksack |
r
Rucksack |
"back
pack" |
| sauerbraten |
r
Sauerbraten |
"sour
roast," a marinated beef roast |
| sauerkraut |
s
Sauerkraut |
"pickled
cabbage" |
| Schadenfreude |
e
Schadenfreude |
enjoyment
over someone's misfortune |
schnapps
schnaps |
r
Schnaps |
"dram,
nip" - Any strong, distilled alcoholic drink (brandy, whiskey,
vodka, etc.); a strongly flavored Dutch gin (Hollands) |
| schnauzer |
r
Schnauzer |
A
breed of dog that takes its name from the German word for "snout"
(die Schnauze) |
| schnitzel |
s
Schnitzel |
"cutlet"
- see "wienerschnitzel" below |
schuss
schussing |
r
Schuss |
"shot,"
a straight run in downhill skiing |
spitz
(pron. SPITS) |
spitz
r Spitz |
"pointed"
- A spitz is a breed of dog with erect, pointed ears; a Pomeranian |
| strudel |
r
Strudel |
a
type of pastry made with thin layers of dough, rolled up with a fruit
filling, as "apple strudel"; from the German for "swirl"
or "whirlpool" |
uber-
/ über-
(pron. OOBER) |
über
(over, above) |
a
German prefix used to indicate a "super-something" or a "mother
of all" whatevers, as in "Martha Stewart, the über-diva" |
| Übermensch |
r
Übermensch |
superman,
a super/superior being; from the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche |
| umlaut* |
r
Umlaut |
dieresis,
a diacritical mark (two dots) over a vowel indicating a change in sound;
in linguistics, a change or shift in the sound of a word element |
| ursprache** |
e
Ursprache |
original
language, proto-language; a reconstructed, hypothetical source language |
| urtext |
r
Urtext |
original
text (literature, music) |
| verboten |
verboten |
forbidden |
| vermouth |
r
Wermut |
vermouth
(aperitif) |
| waltz |
r
Walzer/walzen |
"waltz,
to revolve" - a dance in 3/4 time that evolved from the traditional
German Ländler folk dance in the 18th century; the Viennese waltz music
of Johann Strauss, Jr. helped popularize the waltz in the 19th century. |
| Waldsterben |
s
Waldsterben |
"forest
death," a term used for the decline of the world's forests |
| Wanderjahr |
s
Wanderjahr |
"wander
year," a year of travel before settling down in one's vocation;
orig. a custom for German journeymen |
| wanderlust |
e
Wanderlust |
impulse
or longing to wander or travel |
| Wehrmacht* |
e
Wehrmacht |
"defense
force" - name of the German armed forces during World War II; today's
German armed forces are known as die Bundeswehr. |
| Weimaraner |
r
Weimaraner |
"from
Weimar" - a dog breed named for the German city of Weimar; the
name derives from the Kurfürst (electoral prince) of Saxony-Weimar
who favored and bred the dogs in the 18th century, but the breed goes
back to the 15th century or earlier. |
| Weltanschauung |
e
Weltanschauung |
"world
view," a philosophy or conception of the world, universe, and human
life |
| Weltschmerz** |
r
Weltschmerz |
"world
pain," melancholy over the state of the world |
wiener
(pron. WEE-ner) |
Wiener
pron. VEE-ner |
"of
Vienna" - Viennese sausage (Wienerwurst), a "hot dog" |
| wiener
dog |
r
Dachshund |
"dachshund"
|
wienerschnitzel
Wiener schnitzel |
s
Wiener Schnitzel
s Wienerschnitzel |
"Viennese
cutlet" - breaded veal cutlet (not a hot dog, as many English-speakers
mistakenly think); also made with pork or turkey |
| wunderbar |
wunderbar |
wonderful |
| wunderkind |
s
Wunderkind |
"miracle
child" - a child prodigy; plural: Wunderkinder |
| Zeitgeist |
r
Zeitgeist |
spirit
of the age/times |
| zeppelin* |
r
Zeppelin |
rigid
airship named for its inventor, Count
Ferdinand von Zeppelin |
| zinc |
s
Zink |
zinc,
Zn; |