Обучение грмматике с помощью коммуникативного метода

6. Complete the sentences with proper articles. Read the conversation and reproduce it. 
Make up your own conversations. 
 
At the Travel Agency “Happy Holidays” 
Agent: Can I help you? 
Visitor: We would like to make … exciting journey. We want to see … life. 
Agent: Have you ever been to Brighton? 
Visitor: No, but we want … more exciting holiday. 
Agent: Have you ever been to … Sahara Desert? 
Visitor: No, we haven’t. 
Agent: Then this is … holiday for you, … month in … middle of … Sahara  
Desert. 
Visitor: Is it interesting? 
Agent: Yes, there are … sandstorms every day and … snakes everywhere.  
Have you ever been bitten by … dangerous snake? 
Visitor: Well, well, thank you, but … journey is too expensive. Have you got  
… cheaper one? 
Agent: But it’s such … rare chance to have … unusual experience! Well,  
how about … Arctic Ocean? We can give you … fortnight in … small  
boat with … hole in … bottom of it to make … journey more exciting.  
And you’ll have … food only for … few days. 
Visitor: … few days. You said … holiday is for … fortnight! 
Agent: But isn’t it thrilling? 
Visitor: Have you got anything not so exciting? 
Agent: Oh yes, let me see. This is … holiday to remember. We’ll drop you in  
… middle of … Amazon jungle by … parachute with … map of …  
London underground. 
Visitor: I don’t think I like … idea. It’s so frightening! 
Agent: But very, very exciting! 
Visitor: Have you got something not so far from home? 
Agent: Well, what about two weeks in … Brighton, staying in … nice quiet  
hotel by … sea? 
Visitor: It’s … good idea. 
Agent: And it is … pretty exciting one, isn’t it? No … snakes, no … jungles,  
enough … food. 
Visitor: Yes, we’ll take it!

7. Read the story “Healthy Henry”. Mind the usage of the articles.  
 
Henry is a clerk in an office in town. He’s also a health freak, health is very important for him. 
He gets up at 5 o’clock in the morning and lifts weights for thirty minutes. For breakfast he eats spinach and a raw egg with garlic and chili pepper. It tastes disgusting, but he thinks it’s good for him. Then he runs for an hour in the park. He leaves for work at seven o’clock. He never goes by bus or by train, he walks everywhere with a mask over his nose and mouth. 
At the office he washes his hands ten times a day and he wears gloves to pick up the telephone in case it’s dirty. He takes his lunch to work with him.  
He eats fifteen sunflower seeds and one onion. He is sure that the lunch which the firm provides isn’t good for him. 
After work he rushes home to water the plants. He has hundreds of plants, because they provide oxygen. In the evening he sometimes listens to the radio, but he never watches TV because it might damage his eyesight. 
On Monday he goes to a deep breathing class, on Thursday he goes to a vegetarian cookery class. He rarely goes to the cinema or to the theatre – there are far too many germs. He goes to bed early, even at the weekend. In summer he sleeps in a tent in the garden. At the weekend he goes camping in the country, but he never sits in the sun. 
He goes to the doctor’s at least once a month. He is afraid that he will end up in hospital. Health is his favourite topic of conversation. 
 
What about you? Are you like Henry? 
A) Make a list of ten differences between your lifestyle and Henry’s. 
Example: 
• I don’t lift weights before breakfast. 
 
B) Work with a partner.  
Henry is giving an interview for a health magazine. Imagine that you are Henry and the interviewer. Ask and answer ten questions about Henry’s routine and lifestyle. 
Example: 
• Interviewer: What do you have for breakfast? 
Henry: I always have spinach for breakfast.

8. Write 10 places in the world you have been, and 10 places you would like to go to. If you are in group, discuss it with your partners.

9.A)Write some sentences about lazy Larry, using given words. Mind the use of articles. 
 
Larry is a student. He never thinks about his health. He just wants to enjoy life. That’s how he spends his holidays. 
Example: 
• bed / ten o’clock / morning à He stays in bed until ten o’clock in the morning. 
 
1. breakfast / four eggs / toast and jam 
2. twelve o’clock / news / television 
3. summer /sun / garden 
4. afternoon / listens / rock music 
5. evening / cinema / girlfriend 
6. weekend / goes / cafes and discos / friends 
7. never / bed / three o’clock in the morning 
8. takes / exercise / once / year

 
B)Work with a partner. 
1. Write a questionnaire with a title “Have you got a healthy lifestyle?” Write at least ten questions which include some of the following phrases: 
 
for breakfast / lunch; to/at university; in the park; by bicycle/bus/car; 
watchTV; in summer/winter; how many ... a day/week; in the morning/ afternoon; to/in bed; at the weekend; on foot; take exercise 
 
2. Exchange your finished questionnaire with other students. Ask and answer the questions with your partner.

10. Write down as many ways of getting and keeping fit as you can think of in five minutes, and then tell them to the class. Say when, where or how often you can do these things. Your ideas can be serious or funny, as long as you keep you fit. 
Example: 
• You can go to a keep-fit class once or twice a week. 
• YoucanclimbtheEiffelToweronce a year.

2.3 Комплекс  упражнений для формирования у учащихся   10 классов рецептивных грамматических навыков(на материале “TheInfinitiveandTheGerund”, “ TheArticle”)

1. Read the text and then write down all of the Gerunds or Gerund Phrases the authors use in this text. 
Student Learning Teams 
 
from Your College Experience 
 
by John N. Gardner and A. Jerome Jewler 
 
 
Research has shown that college students can learn as much, or more, from peers as they do from instructors and textbooks. When students work effectively in a supportive group, the experience can be a very powerful way to improve academic achievement and satisfaction with the learning experience. 
Recent interviews with college students at Harvard University revealed that nearly every senior who had been part of a study group considered this experience crucial to his or her academic progress and success. The list below describes several important activities that you and your study group or learning team can collaborate on: 
 
Activities for a learning team 
 
1. Sharing class notes. Team up with other students immediately after class to share and compare notes. One of your teammates may have picked up something you missed or vice versa. 
 
2. Comparing ideas about assigned readings. After completing each week’s readings, team up with other students to compare your highlighting and margin notes. See if you all agree on what the author’s major points were and what information in the chapter you should study for exams. 
 
3. Doing library research. Studies show that many students are unfamiliar with library research and sometimes experience “library anxiety”. Forming library research teams is an effective way to develop a social support group for reducing this fear and for locating and sharing information. 
 
4. Meeting with the instructor. Having your team visit the instructor during office hours to seek additional assistance in preparing for exams is an effective team learning strategy for several reasons. If you are shy or unassertive, it may be easier to see an instructor in the company of other students. Your team visit also sends a message to the instructor that you are serious about learning.  
 
5. Reviewing test results. After receiving test results, the members of a learning team can review their individual tests together to help one another identify the sources of their mistakes and to identify any “model” answers that received maximum credit. You can use this information to improve your performance on subsequent tests or assignments. 
 
Not all learning teams, however, are equally effective. Sometimes group work is unsuccessful or fails to reach its full potential because insufficient thought was given to how teams should be formed or how they should function. The following suggestions are strategies for maximizing the power of peer collaboration. 
 
• In forming teams, seek peers who will contribute quality and diversity. Look for fellow students who are motivated: who attend class regularly, are attentive and participate actively while in class, and complete assignments on time. 
Include teammates from both genders as well as students with different personality characteristics. Such variety will bring different life experience and different styles of thinking and learning strategies to your team, which can increase both its quality and versatility. 
Furthermore, choosing only your friends or classmates who have similar interests and lifestyles can often result in a learning group that is more likely to get off track and onto topics that have nothing to do with the learning task. 
 
• Keep your group size small (three to six classmates). Smaller groups allow for more face-to-face interaction and eye contact and less opportunity for any one individual to shirk his or her responsibility. Also, it’s much easier for small groups to get together outside of class. 
 
Consider choosing an even number of teammates, so you can work in.

2.Read the text

People may be divided, according to their attitude towards money, into two classes: one wants to have money; the other wants to spend it. One wants security, the other wants pleasure. Of these two extremes – misers and spendthrifts – the misers are the more logical, because security can give you pleasure, but pleasure cannot give you security. There are no pure types, of course, but we may safely generalize. To save money for your children’s education and buy a life-insurance is right – indeed, it’s your duty. Looking into the future is altogether very laudable, but I look into the near future only. As it is always necessary for me to think of next Saturday or the first of next month, I am rarely preoccupied with my well-being in forty years’ time. 
I am not prepared to give up my enjoyment at an age when I can enjoy books, travels and society in order to save up everything for my old age; I am absolutely sure that I have actually reached my present age; I am not at all convinced that I shall be alive at the age of seventy-two or even forty. I have no desire to save for my tomb. I have been badly dressed all my life and cared so little about it that I do not wish to wear an elegant sepulchral monument after my death. Forget me if you can; or else remember me but not my monument. No, I am not going to save up for a mausoleum. I am not going to pay rent after my death as well as all my life. 
The art of saving is not a simple one. If I try to cut down my smoking and buy one hundred cigarettes less a week, I say to myself: “Now I have saved about one pound, so a) I may buy a book, b) go to the theatre with my wife, c) buy a toy for my son.” In such cases I have the gratifying feeling that I too can save if I want to. Slowly, however, I have arrived at an economic truth which may be self-evident but is not. It is this: to spend £ 5 just because you have saved £ 1 is not real saving. 
The miser is that exceptional person who really has the money he does not spend on one thing or another. He is the person who walks two miles to save three halfpennies which he puts in a sock or in the bank and when he dies leaves £ 123,000 to the N.S.P.C.S. (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Sardines). The real miser, generally speaking, loves settling things after his death. He thinks of his old age with profound joy. It will be simply lovely! He will be slightly senile, will have the gout, will not be allowed to drink alcohol or eat anything but mashed potatoes and will be prohibited from saying “How do you do” to women. Those will be the days!  
The only hitch is that I have never seen a miser who in his old age did spend the money he saved in his youth. Itisalwaysthesardineswhoinheritit.

In the sentences taken from the text state the syntactic function of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian. 
 
1. People may be divided, according to their attitude towards money, into two classes: one wants to have money; the other wants to spend it. 
2. Of these two extremes – misers and spendthrifts – the misers are the more logical, because security can give you pleasure, but pleasure cannot give you security. 
3. There are no pure types, of course, but we may safely generalize.  
4. To save money for your children’s education and buy a life-insurance is right – indeed, it’s your duty. 
5. As it is always necessary for me to think of next Saturday or the first of next month, I am rarely preoccupied with my well-being in forty years’ time. 
6. I am not prepared to give up my enjoyment at an age when I can enjoy books, travels and society in order to save up everything for my old age. 
7. I am not at all convinced that I shall be alive at the age of seventy-two or even forty.  
8. I have no desire to save for my tomb. 
9. I have been badly dressed all my life and cared so little about it that I do not wish to wear an elegant sepulchral monument after my death. 
10. If I try to cut down my smoking and buy one hundred cigarettes less a week, I say to myself: “Now I have saved about one pound. 
11. I may buy a book, go to the theatre with my wife, buy a toy for my son.” 
12. In such cases I have the gratifying feeling that I too can save if I want to. 
13. Slowly, however, I have arrived at an economic truth which may be self-evident but is not. It is this: to spend £ 5 just because you have saved £ 1 is not real saving. 
14. No, I am not going to save up for a mausoleum. I am not going to pay rent after my death as well as all my life. 
15. The miser is that exceptional person who really has the money he does not spend on one thing or another. 
16. He is the person who walks two miles to save three halfpennies which he puts in a sock or in the bank. 
17. It will be simply lovely!

3. Put the verbs in brackets into the Infinitive form with or without to. 
Dialogue 1 
 
Ann: Shall we 1 _____ (go) out tonight? 
Bill: I can’t. I have 2 _____ (go) to my aunt’s. I must 3 _____ (say) good-bye to my cousin. He’s leaving tomorrow. 
Ann: Will you 4 _____ (be) late? 
Bill: I don’t know. I would like 5_____ (go) out with you, though. Can I 6 _____ (call) you later and let you 7 _____ (know)? 
Ann: Yes, sure. I’ll 8 _____ (be) in the office until 7 o’clock. I want 9 _____ (finish) some letters. 
 
Dialogue 2 
 
Jenny: Hi, how are you? 
Amanda: Bored. What are we going to do today? 
Jenny: Do you want 1 _____ (play) tennis? 
Amanda: My racket’s broken and I can’t 2 _____ (afford) 3 _____ (buy) another one. 
Jenny: Do you feel like swimming? 
Amanda: I can’t 4 _____ (stand) swimming. You get all wet. 
Jenny: Jane has invited us 5 _____ (go) riding with her. 
Amanda: I don’t know how 6 _____ (ride). Tom offered 7 _____ (teach) me once but the horse kicked me as soon as I went near. I refused 8 _____ (carry on). 
Jenny: Nick wanted us 9_____ (go) to the zoo with him. 
Amanda: I’m against keeping animals in zoos. I stopped visiting zoos two years ago. 
Jenny: I don’t 10 _____ (know) what 11 _____ (suggest). You don’t want 12 _____ (do) anything. 
Amanda: Exactly! That’s why I’m so bored. 
 
Dialogue 3 
 
Jenny: What do you want 1 _____ (be)? 
Kate: Dad wants me 2 _____ (be) a doctor. I’m learning 3 _____ (do) first aid. It won’t be easy, but I have decided 4 _____ (work) hard at school. What about you? What would you like 5 _____ (be)? 
Jenny: I like reading. I would like 6 _____ (study) languages and literature. I hope 7 _____ (go) to university. Then I would like 8 _____ (work) abroad for a while. Uncle Jon has offered 9 _____ (help) me.  
He could help me 10 _____ (get) a job in the States. 
Kate: Will your parents allow you 11 _____ (leave) England? 
Jenny: Why not? They would prefer me 12 _____ (stay) here, but it’s up to me. And what about Ben? 
Kate: He has decided 13 _____ (become) Prime Minister… .

4. Make up completions to the following. Express the purpose of the action. 
Example: 
• I went to Chicago to _________________________________________. 
• I went to Chicago ___to visit my relatives_______________________. 
• Tom went to Chicago for______________________________________. 
• Tom went to Chicago for ____a business conference______________. 
 
1. I went to the market to ______________________________________. 
2. Mary went to the market for _________________________________. 
3. I went to the doctor to ______________________________________. 
4. My son went to the doctor for ________________________________. 
5. I swim every day to ________________________________________. 
6. My friend swims every day for ________________________________. 
7. I drove into the service station to _____________________________. 
8. They stopped at the service station for _________________________. 
9. I got to my friend to ________________________________________. 
10. People get to their friends for

5.  What do your parents make you do? What don’t they make you do? Write a short paragraph. 
• They make me help at home. 
• They don’t make me eat everything on my plate. 
 
Here are some ideas: 
☼ keep all your things in your room ☼ do the washing up 
☼ help at home ü ☼ do homework every night 
☼ eat everything on your plate ü ☼ go in for sport 
☼ get up early on Sundays ☼ play computer games 
☼ make up your bed every day ☼ clean your shoes, etc.

6. This is an article about a woman who is head of supermarket group. Rewrite the sentences with underlining. Use a Gerund form after a preposition instead of the underlined parts. 
Example: 
• Elaine left school at 18 and then studied business management at Granby Polytechnic. 
• After leaving school at 18, Elaine studied business management at Granby Polytechnic. 
(1) Elaine left school at 18 and then studied business management at Granby Polytechnic. She left the Polytechnic, but she (2) didn’t take any exams. Elaine decided to see the world (3) and then to make her home in Britain. She spent four years in the USA. She thought about her career (4) during the time she was filling shelves in a supermarket.  
(5) As soon as she returned to Britain, Ms. Archer bought a small food store. She was soon the owner of a dozen stores in south-east England. She made her stores a success (6) because she pleased the customers. When Brisco took over Archer Stores, Elaine became south-east area manager of Brisco. She has risen to be head of the company (7) in spite of the fact that she is a woman in a man’s world. Wecertainlyhavenotheardthelastofher.

5.

7.A Japanese company called Sanko is going to open a new factory in a town in England. Write the sentences from the local newspaper. Use the correct preposition: for or of. 
Example: 
• marvellous / the town / have / some new jobs. 
• It will .....bemarvellous for the town to have some new jobs. ..... 
• clever / our local council / bring / Sanko / here. 
• It was ........clever of our local council to bring Sanko here. ......... 
 
1. difficult / the town / attract / new industry.  
It has been ............................................................................................ 
2. very generous / the council / give the land / to Sanko.  
It was .................................................................................................... 
3. the company / eager / production / begin / soon. 
The company ........................................................................................ 
4.wrong / the council / offer land / near / the park zone. 
5. It was .................................................................................................... 
6. dangerous / the environment / here / build a new enterprise.  
It will be ................................................................................................. 
7. sensible / some ecologists / bring to the expertise / the project. 
It will be ................................................................................................. 
8. careless / the company / object to / by the town residents / in mass media / the project discussion.  
It was .................................................................................................... 
9. helpful / the correct discussion / the council / come to / timely 
The discussion was ............................................................................... 
10. typical / nowadays / the public / actively/ participate / social decision making 
Nowadays it is

8. Complete the sentences below with your own ideas. Then, share your work with a partner. 
 
1) Being part of a learning team ________________________________. 
2) Working with students I don’t know ____________________________. 
3) Studying at an American university ____________________________. 
4) Becoming a fluent speaker of English __________________________. 
5) Falling in love ____________________________________________.

9. Maria is in hospital after a skiing accident. She has broken her leg. Two friends of hers are talking about her. Read the following conversation between Sally and Jane and put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Use either the Infinitive or the Gerund. 
 
Sally: What's the matter, Jane? 
Jane: I keep 1_____ (think) about poor Mary in hospital. I begged her  
2 _____ (stop) skiing down the steep slope. 
Sally: You can never persuade Maria 3 _____ (do) anything; it's no use  
4 _____ (try)! 
Jane: I know. But I can't help 5 _____ (cry) when I think of her 6 _____ (lie) in bed all day. 
Sally: It's no use 7 _____ (get) upset. How are we going to make her  
8_____ (feel) more cheerful? 
Jane: I know. Why don't we take her something to read? 
Sally: That's a good idea. What does she enjoy 9 _____ (read) most? 
Jane: I know she dislikes 10 _____ (look) at magazines and I don't think it's worth 11 _____ (take) any newspapers - she won't want 12 _____ (spend) all day 13 _____ (read) those. 
Sally: We must also avoid 14 ______ (take) adventure stories; we don't want her 15 _____ (have) another skiing accident! 
Jane: I believe she's very fond of 16 _____ (read) ghost stories. 
Sally: Yes, but they might prevent her from 17 _____ (sleep) at night. We want 18 ______ (make) her 19 _____ (feel) better, not worse! What about 20 _____ (go) to the library and 21 _____ (get) some good detective stories, Sherlock Holmes or Agatha Christie for example? They are easy to read and might help her 22 _____ (improve) her  
English. She might enjoy 23 _____ (read) some amusing short stories too, or perhaps 24 _____ (look) at some comics. 
Jane: Unfortunately, I don't belong to a Public Library. 
Sally: It's easy 25 _____ (join); it's only necessary 26 _____ (show) some proof of your home address. 
Jane: I see. Do you think it's worth 27 _____ (join) one?