Бастауыш сыныпта бейнелеу өнері сабағы арқылы оқушылардың танымдық қызығушылықтарының қалыптастырудың әдістемесі

1. Оқыту міндеттерін шешуге бағытталған танымдық әрекеттердің

жүйесі.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

     2.Мұғалім мен оқушылардың оқыту процесін жүзеге асыруға бағытталған бірізділік әрекеттерінің жиынтығы.

     3. Білімді, іскерлікті және  дағдыны   игеруге  және  жеке                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    адамның тәрбиесі мен дамуына бағытталған мұғалім мен оқушылардың ұжымдық танымдық іс-әрекеті.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

     Оқушылардың ойлау қабілетін дамыту, оларды білім, іскерлік және дағдымен қаруландыру.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

     Егер оқушы осы сұрақтардың ішінен бақылау картасы бойынша бірінші сұрақ графикасындары бірінші код қатарындағы                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 үшінші вариантты таңдаса, онда  ол сұраққа толық жауап берген болады.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

Сонымен, мұғалім бақылау карталарын пайдалана білсе, сөзсіз

оқушылардың білімін аз уақыттың ішінде анықтай алады.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

     Машиналы бағдарламалап бақылау әдістері қазіргі  кезде                                                                                                                                                                                                                    мектептерде, арнайы орта және жоғары оқу орындарына қолданыла бастады,  міне, осы жағына баса көңіл аударуы керек. Оқытушы тексерудің барысында оқушылардың үлгерім динамикасын, білімдерін | тексеруде олардың ынтасын зерттейді, тексерудің үнемі  жүйелі түрде болып отыруын қамтамасыз етеді.

     Оқушылардыц үлгерімін сандық   белгімен   көрсетудін әр түрлі жүйелері «балл» түрінде басқа елдерде де қолданылады.

     Жапонияда оқушылардың білімін есепке алу және бағалаудың басқа формалары қолданылады, оны мадақтау деп айтады. Мүғалім оқушының жауабын тыңдап болған соң оған: «Бүгін сенің жауабын өткенге қарағанда әлдеқайда жақсы және тыңғылықты, мадақтауға тұрарлық. Жарайсың!» дейді. Бірақ, оқушыларға баға қойылмайды. Өйткені, материалды игеруді есепке алу үшін логикалық есептер жүйесін және әр түрлі тестер қолданылады, оларды мұғалім жасайды. Тестер бойынша оқушылардың жауабын 10-нан 100 - ұпайға дейін бағалайды. Оқу жылының аяғында оқушыларға мінездеме жазылады, онда әрбір оқушының алған ұпай саны алынады.

     Куба мектептерінде емтихан және баға қою жойылған. Толық мінездеме беру жүйесі енгізілген, оған оқушылардың оқу бағдарламасын игеру және мінез құлқы жөнінде барлық мәліметтер енгізіледі.   
 

ІІ-тарау. Оқушылардың танымдық қызығушылықтарының қалыптасуы.

2.1. Оқушының танымдық қызығуын оятудың жолдары

     Математикада өнер сияқты таным. Оқушының таным әрекетін жақсарту үшін, ойын-сауықтардың, қызықты сұрақтардың, жұмбақтардың, мақал-мәтелдердің математикалық тізін біліп, оларды тұжырымдауда пайданылатын математикалық тілдерді игеріп, оқиғаны өмірмен байланыстырып, оның тәрбиелік мәнін ашып отыру қажет. Мұны математика пәнінің мазмұны да, оқу бағдарламада талап етеді. Көптеген зерттеу жұмыстары мен мектептегі озат тәжірибелерді баспа бетінде жариялау мұны мойындағанымен, оқыту процесінде қалай падалануға болатындығына нақты материалдың жоқтығы мәселені қиындата түседі. Біздің зерттеуіміздің теориялық та практикалық маңызы бар.