Фразеологизмы как минимальные единицы перевода

     При переводе ФЕ, особое внимание было уделено  передачи эмоционально-стилистического  компонента значения. В результате было выявлено  пятнадцать ФЕ, три  из которых передаются прямыми соответствиями (фразеологическим эквивалентом), шесть фразеологическим аналогом, при этом эмоциональная окраска, единиц оригинала, сохраняется, две ФЕ были переведены с помощью описательного перевода и оставшиеся три методом контекстуальной замены и генерализации. Наиболее часто применялись метод контекстуальной замены (генерализация)  и  перевод фразеологическим аналогом.

     Подводя итог можно сделать вывод, что  основная трудность при переводе фразеологизмов связана со стилистической недифференцированностью и многозначностью. Такие фразеологизмы наиболее трудно перевести т.к. они имеют несколько значений в зависимости от сферы употребления, а в зависимости от контекста имеют противоположные значения. Перевод   такой образной фразеологии осуществляется методом контекстуальной замены, а именно с помощью целостного преобразования.

 

      Список литературы. 

1. Виноградов  В.В. Основные понятии фразеологии  как лингвистической дисциплины.// Избранные труды. Лексикология и лексикография.- М., 1997.
2. Голикова Ж.А. Перевод с английского на русский.Учеб. пособие- 2-е изд., испр., - М.: Новое издание, 2004.- 287с.
3. Дмитриева Л.Ф., Кунцевич С.Е, Мартинкевич Е. А, Смирнова Н. Ф. Английский язык- Курс перевода. Книга для студентов Москва- Ростов- на- Дону. 2005.
4. Комиссаров В.Н. Современное переводоведение. Учебное пособие. – М .: ЭТС.- 2002.- 424с.
5. Кунин А.В. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка.Москва, « Высшая школа», Дубна, Издательский центр « Феникс».1996г.
6. Рецкер Я. И. Теория перевода и переводческая практика./Изд. Международных отношений. М.: 1979.
7. Солодуб Ю.П.
8. Тюленев С.В. Теория перевода: Учебное пособие.- М.: Гардарики, 2004.- 336с.

9. Шадрин  Н.Л. Перевод фразеологических  единиц и сопоставительная стилистика. Издательство Саратовского университета.1991.

 

      Приложение 1. 

     Peter Pan.

     (p. 46)

     Indeed, sometimes when he returned he did not remember them, at least not well. Wendy was sure of it. She saw recognition come into his eyes as he was about to pass them the time of day and go on; once even she had to tell him her name.

       ‘ I’m Wendy’, she said agitatedly.

     He was very sorry. I’ say, Wendy’, he whispered to her, ‘  always if you see me forgetting you, just keep on saying “ I’m Wendy”, and then I’ll remember’.  

     (p. 52)

     The first to pass is Tootles, not the least brave but the most unfortunate of all that gallant band. He had been in fewer adventures than any of them, because the big things constantly happened just when he had stepped round the corner; all would be quiet, he would take the opportunity of going off to gather a few sticks for firewood, and then when he returned the others would be sweeping up the blood. The ill luck had given a gentle melancholy to his countenance, but instead of souring his nature had sweetened it, so that he was quiet the humblest of the boys. Poor kind Tootles, there is danger in the air for you tonight. Take care lest an adventure is now offered you, which, if accepted, will plunge you in deepest woe. Tootles, the fairy Tink, who is bend on mischief this night, is looking for a tool, and she thinks you the most easily tricked of the boys. ‘ Ware Tinker Bell.  

     (p. 160)

     Nor was this all that Peter did to gain the powerful old fellow’s good-will. You must know that Solomon had no intention of remaining in office all his life. He looked forward to retiring by and by, and devoting his green old age to a life of pleasure and for years he had been quietly filling his stocking. When his stocking was full, Solomon calculated that  he would be able to retire on a competency. Peter now gave hum a pound. He cut it off his bank-note with a sharp stick. This made  Solomon his friend for ever, and after the two had consulted together they called a meeting of the thrushes. You will see presently why thrushes only were invited. 

     The strange case of DR. Jekill and MR. Hyde.

     (p.110)

     Mr.Utterson the lower was a man of a rugged countenance, that was never lighted by a smile; cold, scanty, and embarrassed in discourse; backward in sentiment; lean, long, dusty, dreary, and yet somehow lovable. At friendly meetings, and when the wine was to his taste, something eminently human beaconed from his eye; something indeed which never found its into his talk, but which spoke not only in these silent symbols of the after-dinner face, but more often and loudly in the acts of his life. He was austere with himself; drank gin when he was alone, to mortify a taste for vintages; and though he enjoyed the theatre, had not crossed the doors of one for twenty years. But he had an approved tolerance for others; sometimes wondering, almost with envy, at the high pressure of spirits involved in their  misdeeds; and in any extremity inclined to help rather than to reprove. “ I incline to Cain’s heresy’, he used to say quaintly; “ I let my brother go to the devil in his own way”.  

     (p.111)

     It chanced on one of these rambles that their way led them down a by-street in a busy quarter of London. The street was small and what is called quiet, but it drove a thriving trade on the week-days. The inhabitants were all doing well, it seemed, and all emulously hoping to do better still, and laying out the surplus of their gains in coquetry; so that the shop fronts stood along that thoroughfare with an air of invitation, like rows of smiling sales-women. Even on Sunday, when it veiled its more florid charms and lay comparatively empty of passage, the street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighbourhood, like a fire in a forest; and with its freshly-painted shutters, well-polished brasses, and general cleanliness and gaiety of note, instantly caught and pleased the eye of the passenger. 

     (p. 113)

     “ Well, it was this way, “ returned Mr.Enfield : “ I was coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three o’clock of a black winter morning, and my way lay through a part of town where there was literally nothing to be seen but lamps. Street after street, and all the folks asleep- street after street, all lighted up as if for a procession, and all as empty as church- till at last I got into that state of mind when a man listens and listens and begins to long for the sight of a policeman. All at once, I saw two figures: one a little man who was stumping along eastward at a good walk, and the other a girl of maybe eight or ten who was running as hard as she was able down a cross street. Well, sir, enough at the corner; and then came the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground. It sounds nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasn’t like a man; it was like some damned Juggernaut. I gave a view halloa, took to my heels, collared my gentleman, and brought him back to where there was already quite a group about the screaming child. He was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. The people who had turned out were the girl’s own family and pretty soon the doctor, for whom she had been sent, put in his appearance. Well, the child was not much the worse, more frightened, according to the Sawbones; and there you might have supposed would be an end to it. But there was one curious circumstance. I had taken a loathing to my gentleman at first sight.

     (p.160)

     As Bradshaw left, the lawyer looked at his watch. “ And now, Poole, let us to ours”, he said; and taking the poker under his arm, he led the way into the yard. The scud had banked over the moon, and it was now quite dark. The wind, which only broke in puffs and draughts into that deep well of buildings, tossed the light of the candle to and fro about their steps, until they came into the shelter of the theatre, where they sat down silently to wait. London hummed solemnly all around; but nearer at hand, the stillness was only broken by the sound of a footfall moving to and fro along the cabinet floor.

     “So it will walk all day, sir,” whispered Poole; “ aye, and the better part of the night. Only when a new sample comes from the chemist, there’s a bit of a break. Ah, it’s an ill conscience that’s such an enemy to rest! Ah, sir, there’s blood foully shed in every step of it! But hark again, a little closer- put your heart in your ears, Mr. Utterson, and tell me, is that the doctor’s foot?”.

     (p.130-131)

     “ My good Utterson”, said the doctor, “ this is very good of you, this is downright good of you, and I cannot find words to thank you in. I believe you fully; I would trust you before any man alive, aye, before myself, if I could make the choice; but indeed it isn’t what you fancy; it is not so bad as that; and just to put your good heart at rest, I will tell you one thing: the moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr. Hyde. I give you my hand upon that; and I thank you again and again; and I will just add one little word, Utterson, that I’m sure you’ll take in good part: this is a private matter, and I beg of you to let it sleep”.

       Utterson reflected a little, looking in the fire.

     “ I have no doubt you are perfectly right,” he said at last, getting to his feet.

     (p138-139)

     “ And now,” said Mr. Utterson, as soon as Poole had left them, “ you have heard the news?”

     The doctor shuddered. “ They were crying in the square,” he said. “ I heard them in my dining- room.”

        “ One word,” said the lawyer. “ Carew was my client, but  so are you; and I want to know what I am doing. You have not been mad enough to hide this fellow?”

       “ Utterson, I swear to God”, cried the doctor, “ I swear to God I will never set eyes on him again. I bind my honour to you that I am done with him in this world. It is all at an end. And indeed he does not want my help; you do not know him as I do; he is safe, he is quite safe; mark my words, he will never more be heart of.”

     (p151-155)

     Mr. Utterson was sitting by his fireside one evening after dinner, when he was surprised to receive a visit from Poole.

     “ Bless me, Poole, what brings you here?” he cried; and then, taking a second look at him, “ What ails you?” he added; “ is the doctor ill?”

     “ Mr. Utterson,” said the man “ there is something wrong.”

     “ Take a seat, and here is a glass of wine for you,” said the lawyer. “ Now, take your time, and tell me plainly what you want.”

     “ You know the doctor’s ways, sir,” replied Poole, “ and how he shuts himself up. Well, he’s shut up again in the cabinet; and I don’t like it, sir- I wish I may die if I like it. Mr. Utterson, sir, I’m afraid.”

     “ Now, my good man,” said the lawyer, “ be explicit. What are you afraid of?”

     “ I’ve been afraid for about a week,” returned Poole, doggedly disregarding the question; “ and I can bear it no more.”

      The man’s appearance amply bore out his words; his manner was altered for the worse: and except for the moment when he had first announced his terror, he had not once looked the lawyer in the face. Even now, he sat with the glass of wine untasted  on his knee, and his eyes directed to a corner of the floor. “ I can bear it more ,” he repeated.

     “ Come,” said the lawyer, “ I see you have some good reason, Poole; I see there is something seriously amiss. Try to tell me what it is.”

     “ I think there’s been foul play,” said Poole hoarsely.

     “ Foul play” cried the lawyer, a good deal frightened, and rather inclined to be irritated in consequence. “ What foul play? What does the man mean?”

     “ I daren’t say, sir,” was the answer; “ but will you come along with me and see for yourself?”

     Mr. Utterson’s only answer was to rise and get his hat and greatcoat; but he observed with wonder the greatness of the relief that appeared upon the butler’s face, and perhaps with no less, that the wine was still untasted when he set it down to follow.

     It was a wild, cold, seasonable night of March, with a pale moon, lying on her back as though the wind had tilted her.The wind made talking difficult, and flecked the blood into the face. It seemed to have swept the streets unusually bare of passengers, besides; for Mr.Utterson thought he had never seen that part of London so deserted. He could have wished it otherwise; never in his life had he been conscious of so sharp a wish to see and touch his fellow-creatures; for, struggle as he might, there was borne in upon his mind a crushing anticipation of calamity. The square, when they got there, was all full of wind and dust, and the thin trees in the garden were lashing themselves along the railing. Poole, who had kept all the way a pace or two ahead, now pulled up in the middle of the pavement, and in spite of the biting weather, took off his hat and mopped his brow with a red pocket-handkerchief. But for all the hurry of his coming, these were not the dews of exertion that he wiped away, but the moisture of some strangling anguish; for his face was white, and his voice, when he spoke, harsh and broken.

     “ Well, sir,”  he said,” here we are, and God grant there be nothing wrong.”

     “ Amen, Poole,” said the lawyer.

     Thereupon the servant knocked in a vary guarded manner; the door was opened on the chain; and a voice asked from within, “ Is that you, Poole?”

        “ It’s all right,” said Poole. “ Open the door.”

     The hall, when they entered it, was brightly lighted up; the fire was built high; and about the hearth the whole of the servants, men and women, stood huddled together like a flock of sheep. At the sight of Mr. Utterson, the housemaid broke into hysterical whimpering; and the cook, crying out, “ Bless God. It’s Mr.Utterson”, ran forward as if to take him in her arms.

     “ What, what. Are you all here?” said the lawyer, peevishly. “ Very irregular, very unseemly; your master would be far from pleased.”

     “ They’re all afraid”’ said Poole.

       Blank silence followed, no one protesting; only the maid lifted up her voice, and now wept loudly.

     “ Hold your tongue” Poole said to her, with a ferocity of accent that testified to his own jangled nerves; and indeed when the girl had so suddenly raised the note of her lamentation, they had all started and turned towards the inner door with faces of dreadful expectation. “And now”, continued the butler, addressing the knife-boy, “ reach me a candle, and we’ll get this through hands at once”. And then he begged Mr.Utterson to follow him, and led the way to the back garden.

     “ Now, sir,” said he, “ you come as gently as you can. I want you to hear, and I don’t want you to be heard. And see here, sir, if by any chance he was to ask you in, don’t go.”

       Mr. Utterson’s nerves, at this unlooked-for termination, gave a jerk that nearly threw him from his balance; but he re-collected his courage, and followed the butler into the laboratory building and through the surgical theatre with its lumber of crates and bottles, to the foot of the stair. Here Poole motioned him to stand on one side and listen; while he himself, setting down the candle and making a great and obvious call on his resolution, mounted the steps, and knocked with a somewhat uncertain hand on the red baize of the cabinet door.

       “ Mr. Utterson, sir, asking to see you,” he called; and even as he did so, once more violently signed to the lawyer to give ear.

     A voice answered from within: “ Tell him I cannot see any one,”  it said, complainingly. “ Thank you, sir,” said Poole, with a note of something like triumph in his voice; and taking up his candle, he led Mr. Utterson back across the yard and into the great kitchen, where the fire was out and the beetles were leaping on the floor. “ Sir,” he said, looking Mr. Utterson in the eyes,” was that my master’s voice?”

     “ It seems much changed,” replied the lawyer, vary pale, but giving look for look.” Changed? Well, yes, I think so,” said the butler. “ Have I been twenty years in this man’s house to be deceived about his voice? No, sir; master’s made away with; he was made away with eight days ago, when we heard him cry out upon the name of God; and who’s in there instead of him, and why it stays there, is a thing that cries to Heaven, Mr.Utterson.”    

     “ This is a very strange tale, Poole; this is rather a wild tale, my man,”  said Mr. Utterson, biting his finger. “ Suppose it were as you suppose, supposing Dr.Jekyll to have been- well, murdered, what could induce the murderer to stay? That won’t hold water; it doesn’t commend itself to reason.”

 

      Приложение 2. 

     Питер Пен.

     ( стр.46)

     Действительно, иногда он возвращался  и не помнил их, по крайней мере помнил, но очень плохо. Венди знала об этом.Он узнавал их только тогда,когда уже собирался поздороваться с ними; однажды ей даже пришлось напомнить ему свое имя.

     «Я  – Венди», - сказала она взволнованно. Он очень сожалел об этом. «Венди»,- прошептал он,- « когда ты видишь, что я не узнаю тебя, ты просто продолжай говорить- « Я – Венди», и я все вспомню». 

     ( стр.52)

     Первым  шел Болтун, не самый храбрый, но самый невезучий из всей доблестной команды. Он реже чем другие, попадал различные истории, т.к. самое важное случалось, стоило ему отлучится на минуту; например, уходил собирать дрова, а к моменту возвращения все уже отмывали руки от пролитой крови. Подобное невезенье придавало выражению лица Болтуна легкую сентиментальность, которая не портила , а скорее улучшала его характер, таким образом он был самым спокойным из ребят. Бедный добрый Болтун, сегодня вечером тебя ожидает опасность. Будь осмотрительным, соглашаясь на приключение , которое тебе предложат. Если ты дашь согласие, то будешь очень сожалеть об этом. Болтун, фея – Динь, которая затеяла опасное делишко, в поисках орудия. Думаю она считает тебя самым доверчивым из мальчиков. Опасайся фею Динь!