Контрольная работа по "Иностранный язык"

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное  учреждение высшего профессионального  образования  
«ЗАБАЙКАЛЬСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»  
(ЗабГУ) 
Заочный факультет 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Контрольная работа

по дисциплине: Иностранный язык

           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  Выполнил ст.гр. ТМДз-09-2             

  Матафонов А.В.  
Проверил:  
________________________   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Чита 2012

Переведите текст 

Before You Go 

     What to Take

     Safety begins when you pack. To help avoid becoming a target, do not dress in a way that could mark you as an affluent tourist. Expensive-looking jewelry, for instance, can draw the wrong attention.

     Always try to travel light. You can move more quickly and will be more likely to have a free hand. You will also be less tired and less likely to set your luggage down, leaving it unattended.

     Carry the minimum number of valuables, and plan places to conceal them. Your passport, cash and credit cards are most secure when locked in a hotel safe. When you have to carry them on your person, you may wish to put them each in a different place rather than all in one wallet or pouch. Avoid handbags, fanny packs and outside pockets that are easy targets for thieves. Inside pockets and a sturdy shoulder bag with the strap worn across your chest are somewhat safer. One of the safest places to carry valuables is in a pouch or money belt worn under your clothing.

     If you wear glasses, pack an extra pair. Pack them and any medicines you need in your carry-on luggage.

     To avoid problems when passing through customs, keep medicines in their original, labeled containers. Bring copies of your prescriptions and the generic names for the drugs. If a medication is unusual or contains narcotics, carry a letter from your doctor attesting to your need to take the drug. If you have any doubt about the legality of carrying a certain drug into a country, consult the embassy or consulate of that country before you travel.

     Bring travelers’ checks and one or two major credit cards instead of cash.

     Pack an extra set of passport photos along with a photocopy of your passport’s information page to make replacement of your passport easier in the event it is lost or stolen.

     Put your name, address and telephone numbers inside and outside of each piece of luggage. Use covered luggage tags to avoid casual observation of your identity or nationality. If possible, lock your luggage. 
 
 
 
 

     Перевод: 

Что нужно знать до поездки

     Что взять

     Безопасность  начинается с  вашего внешнего вида. Чтобы не стать мишенью, не одевайтесь таким образом, чтобы не выдать себя за богатых туристов. Дорогие украшения, например, могут привлечь лишнее внимание.

     Всегда старайтесь путешествовать налегке. Вы можете перемещаться быстрее и, с большей вероятностью, ваши руки всегда будут свободны. Вы также будете меньше уставать и ваш багаж будет всегда под рукой, и вы сможете спокойно за ним присматривать.

     Держите при себе минимум ценных вещей, и места их сохранности. Ваш паспорт, наличные деньги и кредитные карты будут в безопасности, будучи запертыми в сейфе гостиницы. Старайтесь хранить ценные вещи в разных местах. Избегайте сумок, пакетов  и наружных карманов, которые являются легкой добычей для воров. Внутренние карманы и сумки на ремне несколько безопаснее. Одним из самых безопасных мест для хранения ценностей и денег является поясная сумка, скрытая под одеждой.

     Если вы носите очки, храните запасную пару отдельно. Храните их, так же, как и необходимые для вас лекарства в отдельной сумке.

     Чтобы избежать проблем при прохождении таможни, держите лекарства в их оригинальной, промаркированной упаковке. Храните при себе копии рецептов и настоящие названия препаратов. Если препарат содержит необычные компоненты или наркотики, держите при себе письмо вашего врача, подтверждающий вашу потребность принимать данный лекарство. Если у Вас возникли сомнения по поводу законности провоза определенных лекарственных средств в чужой стране, обратитесь в посольство или консульство этой страны перед поездкой.

     Возьмите  в дорогу дорожные чеки и одну или  две кредитных карты, вместо наличных денег.

     Возьмите  на всякий случай комплект фотографий и копию загранпаспорта, на случай утери основного документа.

Промаркируйте Ваш багаж бумажными бирками, чтобы предотвратить утерю, а  также установите хорошую защиту, чтобы обезопасить от себя от посягательств  третьих лиц. 
 
 

Precautions to Take While Traveling 

     Safety on the Street 

     Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home. Be especially cautious in (or avoid) areas where you may be more easily victimized. These include crowded subways, train stations, elevators, tourist sites, market places, festivals and crime-ridden neighborhoods.

     Don't use short cuts, narrow alleys or poorly lit streets.

     Try not to travel alone at night.

     Avoid public demonstrations and other civil disturbances.

     Keep a low profile and avoid loud conversations or arguments.

     Do not discuss travel plans or other personal matters with strangers.

     Avoid scam artists by being wary of strangers who approach you and offer to be your guide or sell you something at bargain prices.

     Beware of pickpockets. They often have an accomplice who will: jostle you, ask you for directions or the time, point to something spilled on your clothing, or distract you by creating a disturbance.

     Beware of groups of vagrant children who could create a distraction to pick your pocket.

     Wear the shoulder strap of your bag across your chest and walk with the bag away from the curb to avoid drive-by purse-snatchers.

     Try to seem purposeful when you move about. Even if you are lost, act as if you know where you are going. Try to ask for directions only from individuals in authority.

     Know how to use a pay telephone and have the proper change or token on hand.

     Learn a few phrases in the local language or have them handy in written form so that you can signal your need for police or medical help.

     Make a note of emergency telephone numbers you may need: police, fire, your hotel, and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate.

     If you are confronted, don't fight back -- give up your valuables. 
 
 

     Safety in Your Hotel 

     Keep your hotel door locked at all times. Meet visitors in the lobby. Do not leave money and other valuables in your hotel room while you are out. Use the hotel safe.

     If you are out late at night, let someone know when you expect to return.

     If you are alone, do not get on an elevator if there is a suspicious-looking person inside.

     Read the fire safety instructions in your hotel room. Know how to report a fire, and be sure you know where the nearest fire exits and alternate exits are located. (Count the doors between your room and the nearest exit; this could be a lifesaver if you have to crawl through a smoke-filled corridor.) 

     Safety on Public Transportation

     If a country has a pattern of tourists being targeted by criminals on public transport, that information is mentioned in each country’s Country Specific Information in the section about crime. 

     Taxis

     Only take taxis clearly identified with official markings. Beware of unmarked cabs. 

     Trains

     Well-organized, systematic robbery of passengers on trains along popular tourist routes is a problem. It is more common at night and especially on overnight trains.

     If you see your way being blocked by a stranger and another person is very close to you from behind, move away. This can happen in the corridor of the train or on the platform or station.

     Do not accept food or drink from strangers. Criminals have been known to drug food or drink offered to passengers. Criminals may also spray sleeping gas in train compartments. Where possible, lock your compartment. If it cannot be locked securely, take turns sleeping in shifts with your traveling companions. If that is not possible, stay awake. If you must sleep unprotected, tie down your luggage and secure your valuables to the extent possible. 

Do not be afraid to alert authorities if you feel threatened in any way. Extra police are often assigned to ride trains on routes where crime is a serious problem. 

     Buses

     The same type of criminal activity found on trains can be found on public buses on popular tourist routes. For example, tourists have been drugged and robbed while sleeping on buses or in bus stations. In some countries, whole busloads of passengers have been held up and robbed by gangs of bandits. 

     Safety When You Drive

     When you rent a car, choose a type that is commonly available locally. Where possible, ask that markings that identify it as a rental car be removed. Make certain it is in good repair. If available, choose a car with universal door locks and power windows, features that give the driver better control of access. An air conditioner, when available, is also a safety feature, allowing you to drive with windows closed. Thieves can and do snatch purses through open windows of moving cars.

     Keep car doors locked at all times. Wear seat belts.

     As much as possible, avoid driving at night.

     Don't leave valuables in the car. If you must carry things with you, keep them out of sight locked in the trunk, and then take them with you when you leave the car.

     Don't park your car on the street overnight. If the hotel or municipality does not have a parking garage or other secure area, select a well-lit area.

     Never pick up hitchhikers.

     Don't get out of the car if there are suspicious looking individuals nearby. Вrive away. 

     Patterns of Crime Against Motorists

     In many places frequented by tourists, including areas of southern Europe, victimization of motorists has been refined to an art. Where it is a problem, U.S. embassies are aware of it and consular officers try to work with local authorities to warn the public about the dangers. In some locations, these efforts at public awareness have paid off, reducing the frequency of incidents. You may also wish to ask your rental car agency for advice on avoiding robbery while visiting tourist destinations.

     Carjackers and thieves operate at gas stations, parking lots, in city traffic and along the highway. Be suspicious of anyone who hails you or tries to get your attention when you are in or near your car.

     Criminals use ingenious ploys. They may pose as good Samaritans, offering help for tires that they claim are flat or that they have made flat. Or they may flag вown a motorist, ask for assistance, and then steal the rescuer's luggage or car. Usually they work in groups, one person carrying on the pretense while the others rob you.

     Other criminals get your attention with abuse, either trying to drive you off the road, or causing an "accident" by rear-ending you.

     In some urban areas, thieves don't waste time on ploys, they simply smash car windows at traffic lights, grab your valuables or your car and get away. In cities around the world, "defensive driving" has come to mean more than avoiding auto accidents; it means keeping an eye out for potentially criminal pedestrians, cyclists and scooter riders. 

     How to Handle Money Safely

     To avoid carrying large amounts of cash, change your travelers’ checks only as you need currency. Countersign travelers’ checks only in front of the person who will cash them.

     Do not flash large amounts of money when paying a bill. Make sure your credit card is returned to you after each transaction.

     Deal only with authorized agents when you exchange money, buy airline tickets or purchase souvenirs. Do not change money on the black market.

     If your possessions are lost or stolen, report the loss immediately to the local police. Keep a copy of the police report for insurance claims and as an explanation of what happened. 

     After reporting missing items to the police, report the loss or theft of:

     Travelers' checks to the nearest agent of the issuing company

     Credit cards to the issuing company

     Airline tickets to the airline or travel agent

     Passport to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate

     How to Avoid Legal Difficulties

     When you are in a foreign country, you are subject to its laws and are under its jurisdiction. You can be arrested overseas for actions that may be either legal or considered minor infractions in the United States. Familiarize yourself with legal expectations in the countries you will visit. The Country Specific Information pages include information on unusual patterns of arrests in particular countries, as appropriate. 

     Drug Violations

     More than one-third of U.S. citizens incarcerated abroad are held on drug charges. Some countries do not distinguish between possession and trafficking, and many have mandatory sentences – even for possession of a small amount of marijuana or cocaine. A number of Americans have been arrested for possessing prescription drugs, particularly tranquilizers and amphetamines, that they purchased legally elsewhere. Other U.S. citizens have been arrested for purchasing prescription drugs abroad in quantities that local authorities suspected were for commercial use. If in doubt about foreign drug laws, ask local authorities or the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. 

     Possession of Firearms

     The places where U.S. citizens most often experience difficulties for illegal possession of firearms are nearby – Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. Sentences for possession of firearms in Mexico can be up to 30 years. In general, firearms, even those legally registered in the U.S., cannot be brought into a country unless a permit is obtained in advance from the embassy or a consulate of that country and the firearm is registered with foreign authorities on arrival. (NOTE: There are also strict rules about bringing firearms or ammunition into the U.S; check with U.S. Customs before your trip. 

     Photography

     In many countries you can be detained for photographing security-related institutions, such as police and military installations, government buildings, border areas and transportation facilities. If you are in doubt, ask permission before taking photographs. 

     Purchasing Antiques

     Americans have been arrested for purchasing souvenirs that were, or looked like, antiques and that local customs authorities believed were national treasures. This is especially true in Turkey, Egypt and Mexico. Familiarize yourself with any local regulations of antiques. In countries with strict control of antiques, document your purchases as reproductions if that is the case, or if they are authentic, secure the necessary export permit (often from the national museum). It is a good idea to inquire about exporting these items before you purchase them.