Разработка бизнес-плана для малого предприятия

Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 25 Апреля 2012 в 14:51, курсовая работа

Описание

Целью большинства предприятий является ведение прибыльного и продолжительного бизнеса. Для достижения данной цели предприятию необходимо производить тот товар или услугу, который будет удовлетворять нужды потенциальных покупателей и тем самым обеспечивать увеличение бизнеса.
Ни одно предприятие не сможет работать прибыльно в условиях рыночной экономики без тщательно подготовленного бизнес-плана. Бизнес-план дает детальные пояснения, как будет происходить управление бизнесом, с тем, чтобы обеспечить его прибыльность, а также возвратность инвестиций.

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       Бизнес-план должен  показать, что новый   предприниматель   реально   определил   свои  возможности,  обладает предпринимательским  и  управленческим  талантом,  чтобы   использовать  эти возможности   и  имеет  достаточно   реалистичную,  согласованную  программу получения прибылей и достижения поставленных целей во времени.

       Подчеркнута необходимость составления бизнес-плана, поскольку он является неотъемлемой частью  планирования бизнеса на предприятии, эффективным инструментом управления; помогает предприятию определить перспективы роста своего дела, контролировать свою ситуацию, а также показывает, что и когда нужно сделать, чтобы оправдать ожидания относительно эффективности бизнес-проекта.

       Выявлены  задачи, с помощью которых руководитель малого предприятия будет достигать  поставленных целей. Основная из них - эффективность, привлечения значительной доли одного рыночного сегмента при управляемых  издержках.

       Стратегические  цели малого предприятия ориентированы  на получение определенных социально-экономических результатов в продолжительной перспективе; завоевание позиции лидера в своем рыночном сегменте; усиление противодействия конкурентным силам рынка, определяющим привлекательность отрасли и позиции малого предприятия в конкурентной борьбе.

       Маркетинговые исследования в городе Перми и Пермскому краю позволили выяснить, что сегмент рынка по предоставлению услуг по внутренней отделке, капитальному ремонту зданий и сооружений не насыщен.

       Основным  рынком  сбыта услуг, и продажа  материалов  является  внутренний рынок города Перми и Пермского края. В таких городах как Гремячинск, Лысьва, Соликамск, Кудымкар уже есть постоянные покупатели строительных материалов.

       Осуществление предлагаемого плана позволит реализовать  планы  ежегодного  получения  валовой  прибыли в размере  20%  произведенных затрат и занять прочные позиции на рынке услуг по внутренней отделке, капитальному ремонту зданий и сооружений, а также продаж строительных материалов для отделочных и капитальных строительных работ.

Список  использованной  литературы

 

1. Закон Пермского края № 352-ПК от 10.12.2008 «Об утверждении Краевой целевой программы развития малого и среднего предпринимательства в Пермском крае на 2008-2011 годы»

2. Постановление  Правительства Пермского края  № 520-п от 03.08.2009 «Об утверждении Положения о предоставлении субсидий на возмещение части затрат на разработку бизнес-планов победителям краевых студенческих конкурсов бизнес-идей, зарегистрированным в качестве индивидуального предпринимателя или являющимся учредителями малых и средних предприятий»

3. «Положение  об организации и проведении  реконструкции, ремонта и технического  обслуживания зданий, объектов коммунального  и социально-культурного назначения» 

4. Аналоуи  Ф., Карами А. Стратегический менеджмент  малых и средних предприятий: учебник. - М.: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2005.-386с.

5. Бекетова  О.Н., Найденков В.И.  Бизнес-план: теория и практика. М.: Экономика, 2006г.-272с.

6. Булатов  А.С.Экономика: Учебник для ВУЗов. - М.: ЮРИСТЪ, 2008.-468с.

7. Виханский О.С., Наумов А.И. Менеджмент: Учебник - М.: ЭКОНОМИСТЪ, 2008.-288с.

8. Горемыкин В.А. Планирование на предприятии. Учебник. - М: ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ, 2008.-634с.

9. Кнышова Е.Н. Менеджмент: Учебное пособие.- М.: ИД ФОРУМ - ИНФРА-М, 2008.-304с.

10. Мескон  М. Х., Альберт М., Хедуори Ф.  Основы менеджмента. М.: ДЕЛО, 2003.-532с.

11. Семенов А.К., Набоков В.И. Основы менеджмента: Учебник. - М.: ДАШКОВ и Ко, 2008.-556с.

Приложение 1

       Рекомендации  по  составлению  бизнес-плана

 

       1. Вводная часть. Вводная часть, (резюме) как правило, пишется уже после того, как составлен весь план, и представляет собой краткий обзор бизнес-плана.

       Она должна быть краткой (не более 2-3 страниц) и трактоваться как самостоятельный  рекламный документ, так как в ней содержатся основные положения всего проекта. В ней указывается название и адрес предприятия, обращающегося за предоставлением средств, его характеристики, имена и адреса учредителей; основные положения предлагаемого проекта, его суть и цель (долгосрочная и краткосрочная), стоимость проекта, потребности в финансах.

       Вводная часть должна быть написана так, чтобы  вызвать интерес у потенциального инвестора. По содержанию вводной части инвестор часто судит о том, стоит ли ему терять время дальше и читать план до конца. Нужно четко и убедительно изложить основные положения предлагаемого проекта, а именно:

       1) чем  будет заниматься предприятие;

       2) сколько денег потребуется в него вложить;

       3)  начинается ли новое дело или расширяется существующее;

       4) какой ожидается спрос на продукцию  (работы или услуги) и почему  предприятие добьется успеха.

       2. Анализ положения  дел в отрасли. В этом разделе описываются основные направления и цели деятельности будущего проекта. Очень важно преподнести идею нового проекта в контексте сложившегося состояния дел в отрасли. Необходимо продемонстрировать глубокое понимание состояния предприятия и той отрасли индустрии, в которой оно будет работать и конкурировать, так как одним из критериев на победу в конкурентной борьбе является ситуация на рынке продукции этого класса.

       В бизнес-плане рекомендуется дать анализ текущего состояния дел в отрасли и сведения о тенденциях развития. Рекомендуется также дать справку по последним новинкам, перечислить потенциальных конкурентов, указать их сильные и слабые стороны. Необходимо также изучить все прогнозы по данной отрасли и  в результате ответить на вопрос, на какого именно потребителя рассчитаны товары или услуги фирмы.

       3. Существо предлагаемого  проекта.  В этом разделе необходимо дать четкое определение и описание тех видов продукции или услуг,  которые будут предложены на рынок. Следует  указать некоторые аспекты технологии, необходимой для производства продукции.  Важно, чтобы этот раздел был написан ясным, четким языком, доступным для понимания неспециалиста.

       При   описании   основных   характеристик  продукции   делается   акцент   на   те преимущества, которые эта продукция несет потенциальным покупателям, а не на технических подробностях. Детальная информация технологического  процесса может быть дана в приложении. Очень важно подчеркнуть уникальность или отличительные особенности продукции или услуг. Это может быть выражено в разной форме: новая технология, качество товара,    низкая    себестоимость    или     какое-то    особенное    достоинство, удовлетворяющее   запросам    покупателей.   

       Также    необходимо    подчеркнуть возможность совершенствования данной продукции. В этом же разделе следует описать имеющиеся патенты или авторские права на изобретение или привести другие причины, которые могли бы воспрепятствовать вторжению конкурентов на рынок. Такими причинами могут быть,  например, эксклюзивные права на распространение или торговые марки.

       4. Анализ рынка. Рынок и маркетинг являются решающими факторами для всех компаний. Самые гениальные технологии оказываются бесполезными, если на них нет своих  покупателей. Поэтому этот раздел является наиболее трудным для написания. Необходимо убедить инвестора в существовании рынка для продукции и показать, что вы понимаете и можете продать на нем свою продукцию. Для этого нужно определить тот сегмент рынка, который будет для предприятия главным.  Как правило, новые предприятия могут успешно конкурировать лишь на одном достаточно узком сегменте рынка. Выбор такого сегмента может зависеть и от остроты конкурентной борьбы, которая для одного типа продукции может быть  слабее, для другого - сильнее.

       После определения конкурентного сегмента рынка приводится описание структуры клиентуры (покупателей) внутри этого сегмента.

       Любой бизнес и, в частности, обладающий хорошими идеями по совершенствованию продукции, рано или п                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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