Управление конфликтами

Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 23 Ноября 2011 в 16:06, курсовая работа

Описание

Цель выполнения курсовой работы изучить управление конфликтами.
Задачи курсовой работы:
1. дать понятие и классифицировать конфликты;
2. выявить структуру и динамику конфликтов;
3. проанализировать конфликт и найти пути его разрешения.

Содержание

Введение.
1. Понятие и классификация конфликтов.
1.1. Понятие конфликта.
1.2. Причины конфликта.
1.3. Функции конфликта.
1.4. Классификация конфликтов.
2. Структура и динамика конфликтов.
2.1 Структура конфликта.
2.2. Стадии конфликта.
2.3. Причины, заставляющие людей продолжать конфликт.
2.4. Стадии конфликта с психологической точки зрения.
2.5. Картография и формула конфликта.
3. Анализ и решение конфликтов.
3.1. Структурные методы решения конфликтов.
3.2. Межличностные стили разрешения конфликтов.
3.3. Поведение руководителя в конфликте.
Заключение.
Список литературы.

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    Соблюдение  этих рекомендаций поможет конфликтующим  сторонам предотвратить конфликтные  ситуации, а если они произошли, то конструктивно их разрешить и найти оптимальный выход из конфликта.

 

Заключение.

 

      Существует  множество способов разрешения и  управления конфликтами, как во внутренней, так и во внешней среде организации. И руководителю для результативного управления необходимо уметь ими пользоваться. Да и просто работнику будет не лишним знать хотя бы начальные сведения о конфликтах и методах их разрешения. Хотя, на мой взгляд, можно вывести одно общее правило управления конфликтами – это никогда не переводить конфликт на личность и всегда видеть ту черту, за которой издержки от продолжения конфликта превосходят выгоду. И уметь остановиться до этой черты, пойти на урегулирование конфликта или при невозможности на его «замораживание».

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

    Заключение.

 

    В современной реальности, когда у  человека все больше факторов для  стресса и как следствие все  больше конфликтов менеджеру и даже просто работнику необходимо, если даже не жизненно необходимо иметь  четкое и ясное представление  о конфликтах и методах их разрешения. Управление конфликтами включает в себя не только методы по управлению конфликтами, но и учит как их избежать.

    Можно дать следующую классификацию конфликтов:

    1. По масштабу конфликты бывают общими и парциальными.
    2. По стадиям развития – зарождающимися, зрелыми или угасающими.
    3. По целям – слепыми или рациональными.
    4. По формам протекания мирными или не мирными.
    5. По продолжительности – кратковременными или затяжными.
    6. По отношению к отдельному субъекту конфликты бывают внутренними и внешними.
    7. С точки зрения организационных уровней, к которым принадлежат стороны, конфликты бывают горизонтальными и вертикальными.
    8. По сфере возникновения конфликты можно разделить на деловые и личностные.
    9. По распределению потерь и выигрышей между сторонами можно говорить о симметричных и ассиметричных конфликтах.
    10. Исходя из степени внешнего проявления конфликты бывают скрытыми (латентным) или открытым.
    11. По своим последствиям конфликты бывают конструктивными и деструктивными.

    В соответствии с классификацией Л. Коузера, конфликты могут быть реалистическими (предметными) или нереалистическими (беспредметными). Любой конфликт характеризуется конфликтующими сторонами, а также предметом противоборства. Структура конфликта также включает конфликтное действие в той или иной форме и направляющее его сознание, средства и методы действия, поле конфликта. Кроме того, ни один конфликт невозможен без сложившейся до его появления конфликтной ситуации. Субъектами конфликта, в зависимости от его уровня, выступают индивиды, группы, классы, национально-этнические общности, организации, социальные институты, общественные и политические объединения, государства, международные сообщества. Субъекты конфликта не остаются неизменными в процессе противоборства. процессе своего развития конфликт проходит несколько стадий. Эти стадии не являются обязательными какие-то из них могут отсутствовать. Существует несколько эффективных способов управления конфликтной ситуацией. Их можно разделить на две категории: структурные и межличностные. При разрешении конфликта руководитель должен начать с анализа фактических причин, а затем использовать соответствующую методику.  Уменьшить возможность конфликта можно, применяя методики разрешения конфликта. Управление конфликтами это целая наука, которую необходимо знать и простому работнику для хорошего взаимодействия с коллективом, быстрого карьерного роста, и занятия соответствующего положения в неформальной иерархии организации. И руководителю для управления своим коллективом, поддержания в нем нормального психологического климата, дальнейшего профессионального роста его работников, поддержания духа соперничества. Просто необходимо знать структуру динамику и способы разрешения или ухода от конфликта. Под конфликтом понимается столкновение противоположно направленных тенденций в психике отдельного человека, во взаимоотношения людей, их формальных и неформальных объединений, обусловленное различием взглядов, позиций, целей.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

    Список  литературы.

 
    
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